- 期刊
DESIGN EQUATIONS AND MATERIAL SELECTIONS AMONG INTERNATIONAL OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL STANDARDS
國際離岸結構設計標準之設計方程式暨材料選擇探討
摘要
API RP-2A, ISO 19902, and NORSOK N-004 are the most used design standards for fixed-type offshore structures. API RP-2A is primarily used in the United States, while the other two standards are used elsewhere worldwide. These three standards were first used in the offshore oil & gas industry, and now applied to offshore wind foundation structures with increasing importance. This paper aims at explaining some of the key similarities/differences in these three design standards. These include: (1) beam-column equations without hydrostatic pressure, (2) K factor for jacket portal frame columns, (3) beam-column equations with hydrostatic pressure, (4) conical transition stress equations, (5) conical transition yield criteria and (6) material selection process. A historical perspective is given on these covered subjects, with the latest technical development for each topic summarized. This paper should be helpful for offshore structural design engineers to familiarize themselves with the three international standards. Detailing the historical background and the comparative differences can serve as a powerful motivation for in-depth understanding. This summary paper should also provide insights for researchers on potential unsolved problems, and/or solutions that can be further investigated. Such cases include the under-estimation in API RP-2A conical transition yield function, inaccuracies of the ISO 19902/NORSOK N-004 conical transition stress equations when tube/cone thickness differ, among others.
並列摘要
API RP-2A、ISO 19902和NORSOK N-004是固定式海上結構設計的常用標準。美國主要採用API RP-2A，其餘地區則以ISO 19902和NORSOK N-004為主。這三個標準最初用於海上石油天然氣產業，現在隨著全球對離岸風力發電的大力發展，此三個標準之影響與日俱增。本文旨在解釋這三個設計標準的一些關鍵相似之處和差異，包括：（1）無靜水壓力的梁柱方程式；（2）套筒式水下基礎之門架結構K值；（3）帶有靜水壓力的梁柱方程式；（4）圓錐形過渡應力方程式；（5）圓錐形過渡降伏標準以及；（6）材料選擇過程。本文闡述了上述主題之規範進程，並以最新進展為總結。本文以規範演進的視角輔以技術比較，讓讀者更有深入理解的動力，將有助於結構設計工程師熟悉這三個國際標準。此外，本文亦可為研究人員提供相關潛在未解決問題，或可進一步研究之主題，其中包括API RP-2A圓錐形過渡降伏函數的過度低估性、ISO 19902/NORSOK N-004圓錐形過渡應力方程式在管／錐厚度不同時的不準確性等情況。