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Demonstration and Extension of Biofertilizer on Vegetable Soybean Production in Southern Taiwan
台灣南部毛豆施用微生物肥料（大豆根瘤菌）示範與推廣成果
摘要
由於農民栽培毛豆之肥料施量比推荐施量為多，因此農民投入毛豆的生產成本也隨著增加，過量的施用生理性之化學肥料不但加速農田的酸性化，同時亦可能由於過量的肥料作物吸收不完滲入地下造成地下水的污染，因此本示範推廣之目的是收教導農民種植毛豆時接種大豆根瘤菌以替代施用高量的化學肥料，本示範推廣的結果為接種大豆根瘤菌有效根瘤率增加，但隨著氮素施量之增加而減少。接種大豆根瘤菌毛豆之植株高度沒有增高，單株合格莢重則增加。1988年春作接種根瘤菌後每公頃施氮素21公斤較農民慣行區合格莢重增加14.3%，肥料成本每公頃減少255美元接種區較農民慣行區每公頃收益增加503美元，1988年及1989年秋接種根瘤菌後每公頃基施20公斤氮素較農民慣行區合格莢重分別增產18.2%是15.2%肥料成本分別減少每公頃214美元及140美元收益每公頃分別增加504美元及568美元，1989年及1990年春接種根瘤菌每公頃於播種後20天追施20公斤氮素較農民慣行區合格莢重二年均增加22.7%，肥料成本每公頃減少分別為140美元及129美元收益分別增加524美元及491美元，合格莢產量經變方分析結果接種根瘤菌較不接種根瘤菌間之差異達顯著平準。由於接種大豆根瘤菌對於毛豆合格莢重收益等之增加，肥料成本減少之效果顯著，接種大豆根瘤菌之種植面積已由1988年的900公頃增加至1990年的2720公頃。
並列摘要
Farmers apply more fertilizer than the recommend level for the vegetable soybean. As a result, the fammer's investment on fertilizer increases cost of production of vegetable soybean. High rate c of for fertilizer application accelerates the acidification of soil, and excess chemical fertilizer which is not completely absorbed by the vegetable soybean pollutes ground water. Therefore, the objective of this demonstration and extension is to guide the farmers to use rhizobia inoculation instead of high rate of chernical fertilizer for cultivation of vegetable soybean, with reduced rate of nitrogen fertilizer application for the vegetable soybean fields. The results of this demonstration and extension were as follows: The effective nodule number and nodule ratio of vegetable soybean tended to increase with rhizobfa inoculation, but they also decreased with the increase in nitrogen application. Therefore, a judicious application o f fertilizer with rhizobial inoculation is recommended.The plant height was not increased by rhizobia inoculation and the rhizobia inoculation increased graded pod weight per plant.In spring season of 1988, 1989 and 1990, rhizobia inoculation with 20 or 21 kg/ha nitrogen as basal application or top dressed at 20 DAS increased graded pod yield by 14.3%, 22.7% more than farmers' practice but fertilizer cost was reduced by US$ 225/ha US$ 140/ha and US$ 129/ha, as well as the profit increased by US$ 503/ha, US$ 524/ha and US$ 491/ha respectively. In autumn of 1988 and 1989, rhizobia inoculation and 20 kg/ha of nitrogen as basal dressing increased graded pod yield 18.2% and 15.2% more than farmers practice while the fertilizer cost was reduced by US$ 214/ha and US$ 140/ha, as well as the profit increased by US$ 504/ha and US$ 568/ha respectively.Further analysis of variance for pod yield showed that the difference between with rhizibia inoculation and without rhizobia inoculation were significant.Due to the effectiveness of rhizobia inoculation in the demonstration the extension of the technology was smooth and successful. Area inoculated with rhizobia increased from 900 ha in 1988 to 2,720 ha in 1990.