嵇康的音樂養生觀與道教之關係

《世說新語•文學》以「聲無哀樂、養生、言盡意」三理為魏晉玄談之重要論題，其中，音樂與養生之理以嵇康所論者最具代表性，嵇康的觀點，一方面是得自先秦道家的影響，另一方面實與兩漢以來的道教思想有關，然前人對嵇康與道教關係之研究，幾乎都集中在其養生的課題上，而未見探討嵇康的音樂觀是否也可能與道教有關，今本論文即擬就嵇康的音樂養生觀來探討其是否與道教有關，因此，先從魏晉以前的樂論中之身體觀與養生之說來看，尤其是針對道教的樂論來釐清嵇康之音樂養生觀與道教之間的關係，而提出嵇康本乎道家之生命理想，且可能汲取道教之音樂養生觀所開顯的新義。

關鍵字

嵇康；道教；音樂；養生；古琴

並列摘要

The main topics of the metaphysics of the Wei & Jin dynasties were: ”sound without sadness and happiness,” ”maintaining good health” and the ”differentiation between language and meaning” which were recorded in the chapter ”Literature” of Shih Shou Hsin Yu. Ji Kan's discussions on ”sound without sadness and happiness” and ”maintaining good health” were the representative works in the Wei & Jin dynasties. On the one hand, his opinions were derived from Taoist concepts in the pre-Chin period; on the other hand, from the thoughts of Taoism during the Han-dynasty. Over the past few decades, some of the studies on Ji Kan have focused on the correlations between his theory of ”maintaining good health” and Taoism. However, no studies so far have examined whether or not Ji Kan's concepts of music are also correlated to Taoism? Therefore the author will examine the opinions on the human body and ”maintaining good health” by sifting through the musical texts from the pre-Ch'in to the Han dynasty. Then the author will discuss how Ji Kan made his choice of these musical texts, especially the musical texts on Taoism, and developed his opinions on ”maintaining good health” through music. After the above discussion, the author will clarify His-kang's opinions on the correlation between ”maintaining good health” through music and Taoism.