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孟德斯鳩之中國國民性思想論略

On Thoughts of Chinese National Character from Montesquieu

摘要


孟德斯鳩依據社會現象本身,從氣候決定論出發,歸納了不同氣候、不同政體中國民的「一般性格」,概括出中國家國同構的組織形式,中國國民群體本位、道德本位的價值取向,以及怯懦服從,寬仁溫厚、勤勞儉約等人格特徵。並深入地分析了產生中國國民性之根源。其思想開西方思想家批判中國國民劣根性之濫觴,奠定了近現代中西方討論中國國民性的基本話語框架。

並列摘要


Depending on social phenomenon and determinism of climate, Montesquieu induces common feature of nations who are under different climate and system of government, summing up Chinese organized style which is the same structure of family and country, Chinese valuable trends such as group standard and moral one, tyrannical feature of sovereigns, only obedience without civil consciousness, industrious unadorned, and the like. At the same time, he deeply analyzes the origins that caused these characters. Historically, it was these thoughts that begin western thinkers to criticize Chinese national character, establishing a basic frame for westerners in modem time and contemporary one concerning the thesis.

參考文獻


拉爾夫‧林頓于閩梅譯(2007)。人格的文化背景。廣西師範大學出版社。
孟德斯鳩張雁深譯(2005)。論法的精神。商務印書館。
羅國傑(2001)。倫理學。北京:人民出版社。
羅伯特‧夏克爾頓劉明臣譯(1991)。孟德斯鳩評傳。北京:中國社會科學出版社。
愛彌爾‧涂爾幹李魯寧譯(2003)。孟德斯鳩與盧梭。上海:上海人民出版社。

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