荀子以「君－群」為架構的政治哲學思考

觀《荀子》全書，半數以上的篇章關注政治哲學議題，因此以荀子政治哲學為題有其文本支持的合理性。本文以《荀子》一書為據，從構成荀子政治哲學的基本概念著手，即荀子針對什麼範圍談論政治？政治領導者是誰？如何稱呼？政治領導者應具備什麼條件？政治的目的是什麼？進而從字形、字音和字義均密切相關的「君」和「群」二概念，尋出建構荀子政治哲學的人學基礎，也就是「人－君－群」的三層聯繫。最後，從〈正論篇〉首段之主道「利明不利幽」、「利宣不利周」的論點批判法家之政治主張，藉此呈現二者的截然不同，荀子非法（家）是儒（家）的基調明矣。

關鍵字

荀子；政治哲學；君；群；分；義；禮

並列摘要

More than half of ”Xu Zi” is concerned with the agenda of political philosophy, and therefore Xun Zi's political philosophy is a rightful subject of inquiry. Based on ”Xun Zi,” this article approaches the fundamental concepts of Xun Zi's political philosophy. Where does his political philosophy apply to? Who is the political leader? What's the leader's title? What is required of a political leader? What's the purpose of politics? Then we try to find the foundation of Xun Zi's doctrine of men through the concepts of ”jun” and ”chun” that is, the three-layered connection between ren (men), jun (ruler) and chun (people). Finally, the first passage of ”Chapter of Zheng Lun” from ”Xun Zi” is quoted to criticize the claims of the legalism and show how Xun Zi was Confucian rather than Legalist.