「制器尚象」與先秦兩漢的八音製作理論

作為中國古代樂器的分類理論，八音觀念的形成，標誌著古代樂器的製作達到了較為成熟的階段。而八音觀念的形成，又與《周易》的「制器尚象」理論有密切的關聯。作為八音製作理念的「制器尚象」，至少包括「觀物取象」、「樂器擬象」、「聲樂成象」三個層次。「觀物取象」是指在制器之前，首先要對客觀的自然之象進行觀察，以獲得可茲模仿的對象；「樂器擬象」是指制器完成之後，又可以通過樂器本身重新呈現自然萬象，從而作為溝通天人的手段；「聲樂成象」則是針對器樂發聲而言，是合乎音律的藝術之象。

關鍵字

制器尚象；八音；擬象；八卦

並列摘要

As the classification theory of ancient Chinese instruments, the formation of the Eight sounds concept showed that the production of ancient musical instruments has reached a relatively mature stage. What's more, it has a close relationship with the ＂inventing wares or utensils by adoring images＂ theory. ＂Inventing wares or utensils by adoring Images＂ as the eight sounds making concept includes at least three levels. The first one is to observe the objective natural images which can be imitated before inventing wares or utensils. After the completion of observations, the natural phenomena can be represented through the instrument itself as a means of communicating with the heavenly person. Vocal imagery is an artistic image that is consistent with musical rhythm for instrumental vocalization.