彼得．伯格論世俗話語與宗教話語並存的多元主義

宗教話語是否必將被世俗話語所取代？彼得．伯格認為，純粹宗教話語和純粹的世俗話語都有其存在空間，但就大多數人的意識構成而言，宗教話語和世俗話語可以相容，人類具有在不同「實在」或不同「關聯」之間的切換能力。他援引舒茨現象學社會學中的相關概念予以解釋。伯格以舒茨的「有限意義域」和「最高實在」概念，疏通了韋伯所言的宗教精英人士之神秘境界領域和俗世生活領域。而在普通信仰者那裡，可構建藉由宗教組織和宗教建制傳達、以「超越實在」觀念為核心而構建起來的意義體系，個體依據當下情境的即時關聯能夠在宗教話語和世俗話語之間進行自如切換。此世俗話語與多元話語並存的多元主義，能夠為艾森斯塔特的「多元現代性」概念提供全新的注腳。

關鍵字

世俗化；多元主義；關聯；最高實在；多元現代性

並列摘要

Will religious discourse be replaced by secular discourse? Peter L. Berger believes that both pure religious discourse and pure secular discourse have their own space. However, as far as most people's consciousness is concerned, religious discourse and secular discourse can be compatible, and human beings have the ability to switch between different ＂reality＂ or different ＂relevance＂. He quoted the relevant concepts in Schutz's phenomenological sociology to explain. With Schutz's concepts of ＂limited meaning domain＂ and ＂supreme reality＂, Berger dredged up the mysterious realm and secular life field of religious elites. In the ordinary believers, we can construct a meaning system which is conveyed by religious organizations and religious institutions and constructed with the concept of ＂beyond reality＂ as the core. Individuals can freely switch between religious discourse and secular discourse according to the immediate relevance of the current situation. This pluralism of secular discourse and pluralistic discourse can provide a new annotation for Eisenstat's concept of ＂pluralistic modernity＂.