基於儒家經典的兒童哲學實踐模式－以《論語》、《孟子》為例的教學活動設計

中國智慧傳統往往來自於經典，儒家經典是其中相當重要的一脈。對於經典智慧的擷取，傳統的作法常是閱讀、記誦和解釋。當今兒童哲學於全球蓬勃發展，強調批判、創造、合（協）作、關懷四種思維能力的培養，關注對話與討論等教育哲學方法論之時，是否有可能將兒童哲學與儒家經典結合，開展出以儒家經典為教材內容，兒童哲學精神為方法的實踐之道？本文嘗試以《論語》、《孟子》兩本儒家經典為例，帶領大學部同學，擷取其中幾個具有哲學思辨性、故事性、對話性或倫理性的主題篇章，例如《論語》中友誼、夢想、學思並重、三思而後行的討論，《孟子》中關於「以羊易牛」等情境，作為兒童哲學探究團體的素材，引導者藉由蘇格拉底對話法或孔子的引導啟發教育法，嘗試發展出具本文化意涵的兒童哲學實踐模式與策略。

關鍵字

儒家經典；兒童哲學；《論語》；《孟子》

並列摘要

Chinese wisdom traditions usually originate from classics, of which Confucian classics are important parts. The traditional ways to capture wisdom from classics are often reading, memorizing, and explaining. With philosophy for children now thriving globally, will the methodology of philosophical education with emphasis on critique, creation, cooperation and care along with attention to dialogue and discussion combine philosophy for children and Confucian classics, developing the educational practice with Confucian classics as the content and philosophy for children as the method? Taking Analects and Mengzi as examples, this article is meant to instruct college students on how to take some chapters focused on philosophical speculation, stories, dialogue and ethics-the equal emphases on friendship, dreams, learning and thinking in Analects and the situation of ＂trading goats for cows＂ in Mengzi-as the materials for the community inquiring on philosophy for children, while the instructor tries to develop the practical model and strategy for domesticized philosophy for children by means of Socrates's dialogue and Confucius's educational method of guidance and enlightenment.