從工夫論進路談中國儒道哲學的心身關係

從當代認識論進路談心身關係問題，要談的是心理的認識如何受到身體感官知覺的影響。面對當代心身關係問題，以中國儒道哲學做對比時，卻有不同的模式。關鍵是中國哲學是人生哲學，重點在做道德實踐或理想追求，而不是在探究身體如何影響大腦運作的科學活動。中國哲學談個人的實踐與修養，要提升生命主體的能力，預設了身心互有交涉。本文之作，以孔子、孟子、老子、莊子、列子為對象，申說其人生理想，呈現其心身關係。孔子修心，端正外表，展現威儀。孟子修心，使身體展現浩然之氣。老子修心，減少身體的慾望，服務社會。莊子修心，調整身體的狀態，與大自然齊一。道家的列子，藉由修心，以強化本有的身體能力。

關鍵字

論語；孟子；老子；莊子；列子

並列摘要

From the perspective of contemporary epistemology, we should talk about how psychological cognition is affected by physical sensory perception. In the face of the contemporary problem of mind-body relationship, there are different modes when comparing Chinese Confucian and Taoist philosophy. The point is that Chinese philosophy is a philosophy of life, with a focus on moral practice or the pursuit of ideals, rather than a scientific endeavor to explore how the body affects the workings of the brain. Chinese philosophy on individual practice and cultivation, to enhance the ability of the subject of life, presupposes the body and mind to negotiate with each other. This article takes Confucius, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi and Leizi as the objects, stating their ideal of life and presenting their relationship between mind and body. Confucius repaired his heart, straightened his appearance and showed his authority. Mencius repaired the mind and made the body show magnificent spirit. Laozi cultivates the mind, reduces the body's desire, serves the society. Zhuang Zi cultivates the mind and adjusts the state of the body to be in harmony with nature. Taoist Leizi, through the cultivation of the mind, in order to strengthen the original physical ability.