亞里斯多德的神和諸神

Aristotle's God and Gods

葛天勤(Tianqin GE)

《哲學與文化》 50卷10期 (2023/10) Pp. 89-105

摘要

本文旨在討論「亞里斯多德的神是什麼」的問題，認為亞里斯多德的神包括「首要的不動的推動者」（PM）、諸多不動的推動者（ums）和諸天體，它們共同構成了一個神的等級秩序的體系。我們認為，亞里斯多德的神是通過對亞里斯多德endoxa理論的考察而構建的。同時，本文將進一步論證，這一諸神的體系的建立，能夠為一系列有關亞里斯多德的神的疑難問題，尤其是神與月下世界的關係問題提供一種解決的進路。

關鍵字

神 ； 亞里斯多德 ； 不動的推動者 ； 天體 ； Endoxa

並列摘要

This paper aims to examine the question of "what are Aristotle's gods?". I argue that Aristotle's gods should include the Prime Mover (PM), the unmoved movers (ums) and the heavenly bodies. They altogether constitute a hierarchical system of gods. This paper further demonstrates that Aristotle's defence for his gods are based on his theory of endoxa. Furthermore, the establishment of his system of gods can shed light to a variety of puzzles regarding Aristotle's theory of gods, especially to the problem of the relationship between gods and the sublunary world.

並列關鍵字

Gods ； Aristotle ； Unmoved Mover ； Heavenly Body ； Endoxa

參考文獻

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Reeve, C. D. C. Practices of Reason: Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.

Richard, Bodéüs. Aristotle and the Theology of the Living Immortals. Trans. by J. E. Garrett. New York: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Ross, W. D. Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Vol. 2. Oxofrd: Clarendon Press, 1924.

Sharples, R. W. Peripatetic Philosophy 200 BC to AD 200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.