- 期刊
君子精神之內轉與外推：曾子之君子觀及其與孟子、荀子的比較
The Internal Conversion and External Expansion of the Spirit of the Exemplary Person: The Exemplary Person's View of Zengzi and Its Comparison with Mencius and Xunzi
摘要
本文要討論的主題是從君子精神的內轉與外推的角度分析曾子的君子觀，然後將其與孟子及荀子的君子觀進行比較。儒家都以君子精神為理想。君子在道德修養方面不斷地反求諸己，必須向內轉。但是由於君子精神的目的在拯救天下，必須向外推。對先秦儒家君子精神的解釋歷史，大部分是在內轉及外推這一循環圈中一往一返的。曾子更為注重的在於內省修身的內轉方面上，孟子從性善論這一內在心性論的角度，深化並充實了曾子的君子觀。荀子的君子觀偏重於向外推的方向。曾子的君子觀具有很強的向內求索的反思，而荀子則是側重於外在經驗和合理知識的積累。從荀子的君子觀，我們可以發現君子精神的「外推」一面。
並列摘要
In this paper, the author analyzes Zengzi's view of the exemplary person (Chün Tzu) from the perspective of the internal conversion and external expansion of the spirit of the exemplary person , and compares it with that of Mencius and Xunzi. . Confucianism considers the spirit of the exemplary person to be the highest ideal. The exemplary person must look back on himself in terms of moral discipline and continuously keep facing inside continuously. But since the spirit of the exemplary person is aimed at saving the world, it must be extended outwardly. Most of the history of interpretation on the spirit of the exemplary person in pre-Qin Confucian is in the circle of internal conversion and external expansion. Zengzi paid more attention to the internal conversion of introspective self-cultivation, and Mencius deepened and enriched Zengzi's view of the exemplary person from the perspective of the theory of original goodness of human nature. Xunzi's view of the exemplary person is biased in the direction of external expansion. Zengzi's view of the exemplary person has a strong reflection on seeking inward, while Xunzi focuses on the accumulation of external experience and reasonable knowledge. From Xunzi's view of the exemplary person, we can find the external expansion side of the exemplary person's spirit.