- 期刊
AI與生生、親親──以儒家為中心視角的考察
AI, shengsheng(生生), and qinqin(親親): From the Confucian Perspective
摘要
「生生」與「親親」構成了古典儒學對人的存在的理解。「生生」是追求存在的恆常性，在對生命存在方式與生命存在境界的規範中蘊含著存在論理性。「親親」是人的良知良能，是人的存在中最本源性的生存經驗，也是使每一個「此在」成為「人」的方式。從儒家的視角說，基於血緣情感的「親親」甚至比道德理性具有更源初的地位，而希望生命流行不息的「生生」，則對經驗世界中的一切不確定性及無法預測的冒險行為保持警惕。就「生生」而論，AI給生命的存在提供了更豐富的物質條件，但也給人的存在帶來難以預測的不確定性，可能威脅到人與世界的繼續存在。就「親親」而言，即便AI能夠通過數據演算法或人為立法而獲得道德情感，但是否可能獲得「親親」之情及表現出「親親」之愛，這是存疑的。由此，儒家對AI將把人與世界導向何種境地本然地蘊含憂思。本文旨在闡發儒家的生生之道和親親之義，探討AI給儒家帶來的衝擊，分析儒家在AI時代是否及如何可能發揮價值，並說明儒家的生生之道和親親之義可以為「人機之辨」和人工智能立法提供有益的啓示。
並列摘要
Shengsheng 生生(perpetual growth and change) and qinqin 親親(affection for one's kins) are key to the classical Confucian understanding of human existence. Shengsheng is to pursue the constancy of existence, and it contains existential rationality though regulating the the mode of existence and the realm of existence. Qinqin is the inborn conscience and inborn ability of human beings, the most original experience of human existence, and the way to make every "Dasein" as a "person". From the Confucian perspective, qinqin that is based on natural feelings of blood relationships has an even more primordial status than moral rationality, while shengsheng that seeks to perpetuate life is wary of all uncertainty and unpredictable risks in the emprirical world. As far as shengsheng is concerned, although AI may provide a richer material condition for the existence of life, it brings unpredictable uncertainty to human existence, thereby threatening the continued existence of human beings and the world. In terms of qinqin, even if AI acquire moral emotions through data algorithms or human legislation, it is doubtful whether AI could acquire the feeling of qinqin and show the love of qinqin. As a result, Confucianism harbors inherent anxieties about where AI will lead people and the world to go. This paper is to explicate the Confucianism, to analyze whether and how Confucianism may be of value in the age of AI, and to show that the Confucian way of shengsheng and qinqin may provide useful insights for the human-computer debate and the legislation of artificial intelligence.