- 期刊
1949年宋子文對中華民國政府退守的謀畫
T.V. Soong's Plan for the Retreat of the Republic of China in 1949
摘要
宋子文曾叱吒於二十世紀二○至四○年代的中國政壇，但自辭去行政院長一職後，少了政治光環，學界對此階段的研究即不多見，因此一般人對1949年宋子文的印象，大多停留在其赴美試圖組織一個以留美學者為主的新內閣，以爭取美援，當構想幻滅後，即留美任「寓公」。然戰後宋子文曾為籌建反共根據地，而自動請纓擔任廣東省政府主席，似乎不太可能甫卸下公職身分，即從國共戰場上缺席。故而此際宋子文在政治檯面下的運作及影響，頗值探究。 由於美國史丹佛大學胡佛研究所典藏的「宋子文專檔」，並無相關材料，因此本文主要是引用國史館典藏的「蔣中正總統檔案」，並佐以相關人物如陳誠、顧維鈞等人的回憶錄，以及美國外交文書等。 褪下政治要職外衣的宋子文，雖不能像過去一樣運用其職務上的資源，然其在外交和財經方面的人脈還是不容小覷。關於此點，相信蔣中正也不會漠視的。因此，本文擬就1949年宋子文在沒有公職的身分下，如何透過昔日資源，尋求美國支援國民黨；且當國共戰事逆轉，其嘗試保存政府財經實力，敦促金融界高級人員離滬南下，以及規劃臺幣改革等作為，藉以分析宋子文在中華民國存亡絕續的關鍵時刻，對政府退守所做的思考及安排，並評估其成效。
並列摘要
T. V. Soong was an important figure in China's political arena during the 1920s and 1940s. However, after his resignation from the position of prime minister (the chief minister of the Executive Yuan), he was mostly forgotten and seldom drew attention. Most people regarded T. V. Soong of 1949 as one who tried to organize a new cabinet composed of people who had studied in the U.S.A. so as to seek its aids, for which he was later disillusioned and in which he remained a ”house-owner”. However, Soong did not completely retire from politics. In order to build a site to fight against the Communists, Soong asked to be appointed be Governor of Kwangtung. Clearly, Soong's influence at this time was not in doubt. As relevant documents in the T. V. Soong Collection at the Hoover Institution Archives in Stanford University have not mentioned, this paper mainly draws reference from the Chiang Kai-shek Collections at Historica Academia in R.O.C. supplemented with reminiscences of people like Chen Cheng, V.K. Wellington Koo, etc. and the documentations of the Foreign Relations of the United States. Even after T. V. Soong left the post of Kwangtung Governorship, he was still quite capable and influential in managing diplomatic and financial matters. This was something that Chiang Kai-shek would not ignore. Hence, this paper aims to explore how Soong used his resources to seek the U.S. aids to support the KMT, how he urged the financial giants in Shanghai to go south (to Taiwan) to maintain the financial and economic power of R.O.C. so as to fight against the Communists, and how he planned a reform of Taiwan's currency to sustain the government. In other words, this paper wishes to evaluate the contribution of T. V. Soong to R.O.C. at the critical moment of 1949.