顧孟餘的政治生涯：從挺汪、擁蔣到支持第三勢力

在20世紀中國歷史上，顧孟餘曾叱吒風雲，不過今日卻沒沒無聞。他過世之時，陶希聖等人所寫的〈顧孟餘先生事略〉說他：「以博學深思之學人，獻身於三民主義國民革命，其言論文章從不曲學阿世，其政治行徑亦和而不同。」然詳情究竟為何？本文利用各種史料描述顧氏的一生經歷，著重於他與汪兆銘及蔣中正的互動，以及對國共鬥爭的態度，以一窺近代中國書生從政的曲折過程。顧氏的政治生涯可分為四個階段。一、挺汪精衛：從1924年加入中國國民黨至1931年九一八事變，此時他是汪的首席智囊，參與國共合作、武漢分共、改組派與擴大會議，高舉反蔣的大旗。二、汪蔣合作：從九一八事變至1938年底汪發表豔電，在汪、蔣合作的格局之下，顧擔任鐵道部長，從事交通建設，支持剿共與抗日。三、擁蔣：從豔電至國共內戰、政府遷臺，顧反對汪之和平運動，1939年投入蔣中正陣營，曾擔任中央大學校長；行憲後被提名為行政院副院長、考試院長，然堅持未就，淡出政壇。四、支持第三勢力：1949年之後，他對國共兩黨均無信心，在李宗仁與美國情治單位的支持下，在香港與張發奎、張君勱等人從事第三勢力的政治運動。失敗後定居美國，依賴總統府資政的微薄薪資度日。1969年返臺，1972年過世。

關鍵字

顧孟餘；胡適；汪兆銘；蔣中正；第三勢力

並列摘要

Gu Mengyu (1889-1972) was both an important intellectual and a prominent politician in twentieth-century China. He was very famous from the 1920s to 1940s, but today few people knew even his name. When he died in 1972, Tao Xisheng and others wrote a brief biography on him, saying that ＂He was a learned and thoughtful person devoted himself to the national revolution of Dr. Sun Yatsen's Three Principles of the People. He seemed never to have distorted his views to cater to popular tastes and always insisted on his own political choices.＂ Yet very few people knew the details of his life. This paper uses various related materials to describe Gu's life, emphasizing his relationships with Wang Jingwei and Chiang Kai-shek in order to show some of the most complicated experiences of Chinese intellectuals' political participation in the last century. Gu's political career can be in rough chronological order divided into four stages. First, from 1924 to 1931, he chose to support Wang Jingwei. During this period he was Wang's principal advisor, participating in the cooperation between the Guomindang and the Chinese Communist Party, the Wuhan's split with the communists, and the Reconstruction Clique's criticism of Chiang Kai-shek. Second, from 1931 to 1938, the period of cooperation between Wang and Chiang, he served both as Minister of Railways and of Transportation. Third, from 1939 to 1949, he was opposed to Wang's peace movement while favoring Chiang in his fight against the Japanese, by becoming for sometime the president of Zhongyang University (1941-43); furthermore, in 1948 Chiang appointed him Vice-President of the Executive Yuan, but he declined the offer. And fourth and the last, after 1949, he went to Hong Kong to join the ＂Third Force＂ led by Zhang Fakui and Zhang Junmai under the support of Li Zongren and America’s Central Intelligence Agency. When the ＂Third Force＂ failed in mid- 1950s, he moved first to California and then to Taiwan where he died in 1972.