- 期刊
早期的孔祥熙：一位基督徒的教會歷練與公共參與（1890-1922）
Kong Xiangxi's Early Career and Public Roles as a Christian, 1890-1922
摘要
19世紀末，出身山西太谷票號家族的孔祥熙，受教於美部會所辦教會學校，青年時期以宏揚基督信仰為念。1900年親歷拳變，其後由華北公理會安排赴美留學，先後就讀於歐柏林學院及耶魯大學。學成後，受聘於歐柏林學院學生志願宣教團，返回太谷成立山西銘賢學校。1910年代初期，孔祥熙以歐柏林山西代表、銘賢校長及太谷基督教會長執事等身分，參與太谷教會事務，促進教會與太谷官府及士紳的關係。辛亥革命期間，協助太谷商會綏靖地方，保護銘賢學校與教會產業。1910-1920年代初期， 孔氏廣泛參與晉省與全國性的教會組織，如1913年接受中華基督教青年會借調前往東京擔任幹事，在日期間與宋靄齡結婚，返國後協助推動中華續行委辦會相關會務。1920-1921年參與華洋義賑會賑濟活動等，接觸許多中外政商與外交人士。這些經由教會組織的服事，不僅讓孔氏擴展公共參與領域，也累積相當的社會資本，有助於其日後在企業與政治生涯的發展。孔祥熙早期的職涯奮進，如同20世紀初期中國多數地方型留美基督徒菁英分子，多與其基督徒身分有關。他們因此能在中國變遷環境中一展長才，並符合時代需求。然而此時西方在華差會的本色化領導、孔氏個人對教會的忠誠，以及其善用機緣的人格特質，亦為其成功之要因。
並列摘要
Kong Xiangxi, a descendant of a banker family in Taigu, Shanxi, China, was locally educated in missionary schools established by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) in the late 19^(th) Century. Even in his school life, he showed himself to have had a deep interest in evangelistic work. After having experienced tumultuous chaos in the period of the Boxer Rebellion, he was sent by North China Mission of ABCFM to the United States. He obtained a BA from Oberlin College in 1906 and an MA from Yale University in 1907. Returning to China with the appointment by Oberlin Student Volunteer Band as a representative at Shansi Mission, he restored an old boarding school in Taigu that he subsequently developed into Oberlin Shansi Memorial Schools (Ming-Hsien Schools). With the multiple roles as the representative of Oberlin-in-Shansi, the head of Ming- Hsien Schools, the vice-president of Taiku Church Council, Kong actively participated in various services of Christian organizations and at the same time cultivated a friendly relationship between the church and local governments and gentry. He also assisted in easing the upheavals of the 1911 Revolution and protected the properties of Ming-Hsien Schools and Taiku Church from mobs and bandits. During the period from 1910s to early 1920s, Kong was involved in various church matters at provincial, national and international levels, such as serving as a secretary in the Tokyo Branch of the Chinese YMCA in 1913, where he met and married Song Ailing (Eling Soong), and as an executive representative of China Continuation Committee in 1919, as well as being a member of the China International Famine Relief Commission from 1920 to 1921. These services gave him good opportunities to be acquainted with both the Chinese and Western politicians, diplomats and entrepreneurs. In other words, Kong's services through churches had broadened his public roles and helped him to accumulate his social capital, which would have later benefited his further career in politics and enterprises. Kong's successful career in his early life, like most of the American-educated Chinese Christians in the early 20th Century, had much to do with his Christian status. These Christians were able to demonstrate their talents in changing times. Other factors, such as the indigenization of the leadership of Western mission in China, and Kong's Christian faith and his tactfulness in personal contact, had also contributed in one way or another to his success in business and politics.