太平洋戰爭下美軍攻臺之計畫與轉折

US Invasion of Taiwan in the Pacific War: the Planning Process and Dramatic Cancellation

杜正宇(Cheng-yu Tu)

《國史館館刊》 55期 (2018/03) Pp. 51-82

摘要

鋪道行動(Operation Causeway)是美軍於太平洋戰爭期間籌劃登陸臺灣的作戰計畫。為執行該計畫，美軍於1944年6月成立了第十軍團，直屬尼米茲(Chester William Nimitz)之太平洋戰區(Pacific Ocean Areas)。作戰目標為攻占南臺灣與廈門，以轟炸日本、支援中國戰區，並切斷日本與南洋的海、空交通。作戰計畫多編寫於7-9月間，預計動用之兵力在56萬人以上。本研究分析鋪道計畫的內容與轉折，包括第十軍團的組建、對臺作戰之目標與兵力、登陸作戰規畫、鋪道計畫轉折的原因。

關鍵字

太平洋戰爭 ； 鋪道計畫 ； 臺灣

並列摘要

Operation Causeway was a US military plan for a massive invasion of Taiwan in the final days of the Pacific War. To occupy Taiwan, the US 10th Army was formed as the main landing force in June 1944, with General Chester William Nimitz in command. The targets were Southern Taiwan and Amoy, from which the Allied forces could bomb Japan, support the China theatre, and cutoff sea and air traffic between Japan and Southeast Asia. The operational plans were drawn during the months from July to September. The Allied forces needed were estimated to be over 560,000 troops. This essay examines the history of Operation Causeway, including the formation of 10th Army, the military objectives, the scale and components of forces, the landing plans, and the reasons why the operation was eventually abandoned.

並列關鍵字

Pacific War ； Operation Causeway ； Taiwan

參考文獻

Records of U.S. Army Operational, Tactical, and Support Organizations (World War II and Thereafter): 1917-1999, Record Group 338. The National Archives at College Park, Maryland, USA.

Assistant Chief of Staff, Logistics, “Service Troops for Causeway,” August 23, 1944, RG338, 50418, Box 71.

ComGenPOA, “Comments by CINCPOA on Estimates Submitted,” RG338, 50418, Box 71.

“Commanders Estimate of the Situation, Causeway Operation: Formosa Phase,” 1944, RG338, P50419, Box 75.

“Commanders Estimate of the Situation: Causeway Operation, Formosa Phase, Amoy Phase,” 1944, RG338, P50419, Box 75.