陳誠對反攻大陸計畫的參與及影響

政府遷臺之後，總統蔣中正即著力於反攻大陸的使命，但因海峽兩岸實力懸殊，渡海反攻確實十分艱鉅，而在複雜的國際情勢下，進行軍事反攻又牽涉多端，作為蔣中正最得力助手的陳誠，在擘劃政務、穩定政局之餘，如何協助蔣中正完成反攻大陸使命，成為他無可逃避的重任。惟在目前既有的研究中，無論反攻的第一第二第三號作戰計畫、光計畫、武漢計畫或國光計畫等，幾乎都是蔣中正命令參謀總長或軍事要員組成的團隊所修改制定，似乎較難看到陳誠的身影。但以陳誠地位的重要性而言，有必要詳細檢視他在蔣中正反攻大陸計畫的策劃、制定、準備、檢討等相關過程中有否參與？參與程度如何？參與了哪些部分或項目？又發揮了怎樣的影響。本文即嘗試探討陳誠對反攻大陸計畫的參與及影響，並按照他初任行政院長、獲選副總統，再度兼任行政院長三個階段，分成反攻内閣之理想與現實、反攻方案之研議、草山爭論與反攻備戰計畫之推進等三節，希望能較全面的檢視陳誠對蔣中正反攻大陸計畫發揮的影響力，並由此觀察政府遷臺後反攻大陸之進行概況。

關鍵字

反攻內閣；草山爭論；中興計畫；國光計畫

並列摘要

After the Government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan, President Chiang Kai-shek focused on the mission of recovering Mainland China. However, because of the disparity in military power across the Taiwan Straits, it is extremely difficult to achieve this goal. In a complicated international situation, furthermore, a military counterattack was complex and problematic. As the most senior assistant to Chiang Kai-shek at the time, Chen Cheng was confronted with the task of helping Chiang manage the government, stabilize political situation, and complete the mission of recovering Mainland China. In the existing literature, almost all of the plans of counterattack, including the first, second and third combat plans, the Light plan, the Wuhan plan and the Guoguang plan, etc., are described as being prepared by a team appointed by Chiang Kai-shek, which consisted of the Chief of Staff and other military personnel. It seems difficult to see Chen Cheng's involvement in this effort. Nevertheless, in terms of the importance of Chen Cheng's position in the government, it is necessary to examine in detail whether he participated in the planning, formulation, preparation, review and other related processes of Chiang Kai-Shek's counterattack plans. How much was the level of his participation? Which parts or projects did he participate in? What effect did his participation have? This article attempts to address these questions. In accordance with Chen Cheng's first term as Head of the Executive Yuan, his election to Vice Presidency, and his second term as Head of the Executive Yuan, our discussion is divided into three stages: implementing counterattacks, presiding over counter-attack supervision meetings, Caoshan debates and war preparations. It is hoped that this study would help us obtain a more comprehensive view of Chen's influence on Chiang Kai-Shek's planning of recovering China, and at the same time shed light on the overall situation of the counterattack plans against the Mainland after the government's relocation to Taiwan.