「以西南結西南」的嘗試與失敗：以貴州政局變化為核心的考察（1932-1935）

1932年元旦，寧粵重新合作，改組之後的國民政府於南京正式宣告成立。但兩廣方面卻成立了西南政務委員會、西南執行部兩機關，實際上仍處於「變相之獨立」。「西南兩機關」宣稱擁有指揮監督兩廣、福建、雲貴等省份的黨務、內政、軍政、財政、交通、實業、教育、司法行政等權力。此時，胡漢民企圖聯合各地實力派，打倒蔣中正及其勢力，徹底斷絕其再起之路。儘管蔣中正很快地聯合汪精衛再次復出，不過兩廣對各地實力派的拉攏並未停止。其中針對西南各省，胡漢民提出「以西南結西南」的口號，企圖將西南各省聯合起來，以對抗甚至推翻蔣汪合作下的南京中央。據胡漢民秘書王養冲晚年所言，西南各省當中除廣西外，以貴州最為親近廣東。因此，本文擬以貴州政局變化為核心，從中窺探兩廣與中央角力的另一個戰場，並探討為何以西南兩機關為架構的兩廣，最終未能成功與南京中央抗衡。

關鍵字

以西南結西南；胡漢民；王家烈；猶國才

並列摘要

On January 1, 1932, two rival National governments, in Guangzhou and in Nanjing, cooperated and established a united Nanjing Government. In response, the Liang-guang region (Guangdong and Guangxi) set up two separatist institutions, the ＂Southwestern Political Committee＂ and the ＂Southwest Executive Branch,＂ creating a de facto independent Southwest China. The two Southwest institutions, based in Guangdong, claimed that they had the authority in directing party, internal, military, financial, transportation, industry, education, and judicial affairs in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Guizhou and Yunnan. They thus dominated and supervised those five provinces. Hu Hanmin, leader of the Southwest, tried to unite various regional factions in order to thoroughly defeat Chiang Kai-shek and prevent the restoration of Chiang's leadership. Although Chiang Kai-shek soon returned to power with the help of Wang Jingwei, Liang-guang did not stop its networking with regional powers. Hu Hanmin proposed the idea of ＂connecting the southwest with the southwest＂ in an attempt to unite the provinces into a solid alliance so as to confront and even overthrow the Nanjing Government. According to the reminiscence of Wang Yangchong, Hu's secretary, Guizhou was the closest ally, besides Guangxi, to Guangdong at the time. This paper intends to focus on Guizhou's political situation in early 1930s as the province found itself at the center of competition between Liang-guang and the Central government. It also tries to explain why the Southwest initiatives eventually failed.