顧順章「自新」與「中統」的發展

1931年中國共產黨召開六屆四中全會，在此會議前後黨內發生嚴重的路線紛爭，不少同志對革命路線的解釋不一，進而引發黨員的忠誠問題，讓不少共產黨人「轉變」投靠中國國民黨，成為反共的先鋒。其中以顧順章的「自新」，尤對中共造成巨大的威脅。顧順章是中共特科負責人，對於特務工作有相當深厚的造詣。本文旨從不同視角分析造成顧順章「叛變」與「轉變」的因素，並探究他如何打造和強化了國民黨「中統」特務組織。至於這些「自首自新」人士，他們對「中統」的發展有無貢獻？國民黨是否真心接納這些人？面對「中統」的攻勢，中共又如何進行反擊、如何懲戒這些「叛徒」、如何重新凝結對黨的向心力？再者，因顧順章的門生故舊遍及國共兩黨，此一叱吒風雲的人物，為何最終走向悲劇命運？以往學界礙於特務工作的獨特性，且缺乏相關材料，難以討論國共兩黨的地下鬥爭。因「中統」日後在臺灣改組、重整為法務部調查局，本文即利用其庋藏有關顧順章事件的相關材料，嘗試還原這段歷史原委。

關鍵字

顧順章；中統；叛變；轉變；自首自新

並列摘要

Shortly before and after the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1931, there was a serious dispute in the party over the correct ＂revolutionary line.＂ Many CCP members had different interpretations of approaches to revolution, and those who disagreed with the leadership were accused of being disloyal to the party. As a result, a large number of Communists surrendered themselves to the Kuomintang (KMT) and became active anti-Communists. Among them, the defection of Gu Shunzhang posed an enormous threat to CCP. Gu Shunzhang, who possessed remarkable skills and knowledge of clandestine work, was the person in charge of the CCP's Special Operation Department at the time. The purpose of this article is to analyze the various factors that caused Gu Shunzhang's ＂betrayal＂ and ＂conversion＂ and to explore how he subsequently helped establish and improve the secret service agency CBIS for the KMT. What contribution did these defected Communists make to the development of CBIS? Did the KMT accept them wholeheartedly? Facing attacks from CBIS, how did the CCP fight back? How did the CCP punish these ＂traitors＂ and reunite the party? Furthermore, as Gu Shunzhang was such a prominent figure with many students and friends in both parties, why did his life end so tragically? Due to the uniqu nature of secret service, few credible sources have been available for an academic study of the underground struggle between KMT and CCP. After the KMT moved to Taiwan, CBIS was reorganized into the Investigation Bureau under the Ministry of Justice, which still holds documents related to the Gu Shunzhang Affair in its archives. Using these materials, this article hopes to restore this important episode in history.