外交謀殺－論「臺獨烈士」陳智雄案

陳智雄（1916-1963），屏東人，戰前留學日本，因通英語、馬來語等故，戰時被日軍派往馬來亞任通譯。因緣際會，協助了印尼戰後獨立。戰後留在印尼經商，並歸化為印尼籍。1958年春，他至日本商談，受廖文毅之邀出任臺灣共和國臨時政府駐東南亞特使，但回印尼不久，卻在6月突遭當局以「美國間諜」之名逮捕，於1959年6月7日驅逐出境。之後，他想至日本發展，因無簽證而遭拒絕入境，轉往瑞士，取得該國護照，於1959年8月16日再次以短期簽證入境日本。後因簽證逾期，在國民黨當局外交運作下，於1959年12月3日遭日本當局逮捕。陳智雄並非中華民國國民，且擁有瑞士護照，依照國際法必須遣返瑞士，但日本當局卻違法將其遣送臺灣。國民黨當局初於12月30日給予具保開釋，但1962年1月22日再次將他逮捕，最後於1963年5月28日，藉口組織三個人的同心社意圖臺獨叛亂為由，將其槍決。陳智雄被譽為因臺灣獨立運動而遭槍決的烈士，他也是自日本遣送回臺的臺獨人士中，唯一遭到槍決的人，因此他的悲劇英雄事蹟為人所稱頌。傳說中的故事雖令人感動，但多非事實。本文以國內政府檔案為主要史料作分析研究，試從學術角度重構其傳奇性生平，進而討論與其相關的轉型正義課題，亦藉以紀念其為臺灣獨立運動之犧牲。

關鍵字

白色恐怖；轉型正義；臺灣獨立運動；臺灣共和國臨時政府；陳智雄

並列摘要

Chen Zhixiong (1916-1963), born in Pingtung, Taiwan, studied English and Malay in Japan before the Pacific War and was sent to Southeast Asia during the war as an interpreter of the Japanese army in Indonesia. He stayed there after the war and by chance assisted in the independence of Indonesia. Later he became a businessman and naturalized as an Indonesian citizen. In the spring of 1958, Chen went to Japan for business. Because of his pro-Taiwanese Independent stance, Liao Wenyi, the President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Taiwan (in exile), appointed him as the government's special envoy to Southeast Asia. Upon returning to Indonesia, Chen was suddenly arrested on the charge of being an "American spy" by the Indonesian government in June. After one year in prison, Chen was expelled and became a stateless person. He tried to enter Japan without a visa but was rejected by the Immigration Bureau of Japan. As a result, he was exiled to Switzerland, where he obtained a refugee passport. On August 16, 1959, Chen entered Japan again with a short-term visa. He was arrested by the Immigration Bureau of Japan for overstaying his visa on December 3, 1959. Chen had a Swiss passport and was not a citizen of the Republic of China (Taiwan). According to International Law, Japan could only deport him back to Switzerland. However, due to the diplomatic maneuver of the Kuomintang (KMT) government, the Japanese authorities ignored Chen's wishes and handed him over to Taiwan illegally. Initially, the KMT government released him on bail on December 30, 1959. But on January 22, 1962, the authorities arrested him again, accusing him of organizing a three-person rebellion group named Tongxinshe. On May 28, 1963, Chen was executed. Chen Zhixiong is widely regarded as a "martyr of the Taiwan independence movement." Among all the Taiwan independence activists sent back from Japan to Taiwan, he was the only one executed by the KMT. Therefore, his tragic story and heroic deeds are well known among the Taiwanese. Although those stories are moving, most of them are not factual. This article tries to reconstruct Chen's legendary life from an academic perspective through archival research. It also explores the issues of transitional justice related to his case, and commemorates his sacrifice for the Taiwan Independence Movement sixty years ago.