國民黨太子元老黨爭與1924年蔣中正辭職事件研究

1923年孫中山為籌集討伐陳炯明款項，啟用孫科推薦的楊西巖等商人擔任廣東省政府要職，遭胡漢民等老黨員反對，形成以孫科為首的太子派與以胡漢民為首的元老派對立，雙方為爭奪利益而頻繁衝突。蔣中正始終傾向元老派，並參與協助後者恢復在粵權力的活動。1924年2月蔣以楊西巖不提供黃埔軍校籌備經費為由，辭去軍校籌備委員長職務並返回奉化。蔣氏與勸他復職的多名國民黨高層人物頻繁通信，提出其復職的條件為罷黜楊西巖，警告孫科，起用元老派的胡漢民、許崇智分別執掌廣東民政、軍事大權。孫中山一定程度同意這些要求後，蔣才返粵就職。從此元老派在廣東之力量日漸鞏固，蔣中正亦獲得可靠的發展環境，為打造其個人軍事力量奠定基礎。

關鍵字

派系鬥爭；蔣中正；國民黨；孫科；胡漢民

並列摘要

In 1923, in order to raise funds for his war against Chen Jiongming, Sun Yat-sen appointed a group of businessmen led by Yang Xiyan, who were recommended by Sun Fo, to important positions in the Guangdong provincial government. The move was opposed by Hu Hanmin and other old guards in the Guomindang (KMT). This dispute led to the forming a clique of party elders led by Hu Hanmin and a clique of princelings led by Sun Fo. The two factions struggled frequently for influence and interests. From the very beginning Chiang Kai-shek was inclined to support the party elders. In February 1924, Chiang resigned as Chairman of the Preparatory Committee of the Whampoa Military Academy and returned to his hometown Fenghua on the grounds that Yang Xiyan would not provide funds for the academy. Subsequently, Chiang corresponded frequently with some senior KMT members who advised him to resume his post. He proposed to Liao Zhongkai and Sun Yat-sen the conditions for his return, namely to dismiss Yang Xiyan, admonish Sun Fo, and appoint Hu Hanmin and Xu Chungzhi as civil and military leaders, respectively, in Guangdong. Only after Sun Yat-sen agreed to these demands to a certain extent did Chiang return to Guangdong and resume his post. From then on, the power of the party elders in Guangdong was consolidated, and Chiang was given a secure environment for his own political future, laying the foundation for building up personal military power.