- 期刊
1948年《動員戡亂時期臨時條款》的醞釀與制定
Ideation and Formulation of the Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion in 1948
摘要
學界一般認為1948年《動員戡亂時期臨時條款》的制定，是國民黨高層幹部不同意蔣中正催請全黨推舉胡適投入首任總統選舉，因而擴充總統權力，以換取蔣首肯參選的產物。本文則是透過核心人物日記、原始檔案的對勘及考抉，說明《臨時條款》是蔣商請胡適出山以前及同時，已然主動建構中的實質修憲草案，反映了蔣自行憲伊始，即已思考未來一旦擔任總統，如何創造某種合法路徑，以便跳脫《憲法》內中央政制設計的束縛、應付戡亂的時局。不久，這部草案隨著核心幹部的建言，以及國民大會幕後的跨黨派角力，下修了權責泛化乃至絕對化的成分，並增加了籠絡國大代表的條文，最終獲得通過。《臨時條款》的施行以及後來的歷次修正，長期體現了動員戡亂體制與憲政體制的纏繞關係，影響民國歷史深遠。透過本文的研究，較多的揭示了兩個體制初期對接的政治動態。
並列摘要
Previous studies generally believe that the formulation of the "Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of National Mobilization for Suppression of the Communist Rebellion" in 1948 was the product of high-ranking Kuomintang cadres trying to expand the powers of the presidency in exchange for Chiang Kai-shek's promise to participate in the first presidential election at the National Assembly of that year. This article, however, using the diaries of key figures and original archival sources, argues that the Temporary Provisions was a substantive draft of constitutional amendment that Chiang Kai-shek had already taken the initiative to prepare since the end of 1947. It thus reflected the process of Chiang's thinking about how, should he become president in near future, to create a certain legitimate path in avoiding the constraints of the Constitution on the exercise of power and in dealing with the current national chaos. The draft was then revised with suggestions from the core cadres and eventually adopted following cross-party wrestling behind the scenes at the National Assembly. The revisions modified elements of absolute power in the presidency and added provisions to appease delegates to the National Assembly. The implementation of the Temporary Provisions and its subsequent amendments demonstrated the intertwined relationship between the mobilization-suppression system and the constitutional system, which had a far-reaching impact on the history of the Republic of China. Through detailed research, this article reveals how the two systems corresponded and connected at their beginnings.