大學校園不同時段的空間安全感知：空間特質和個人因素之影響

根據環境犯罪學論點，空間型態雖不會直接造成犯罪，但卻有誘導和掩飾犯罪行為的特質，而人們會審視環境並從中找出危險的線索，犯罪恐懼感就是人們對危險環境的一種敏感反應。故本研究將以眺望、躲藏、逃脫、照明等因子來探討人們對白天、晚上、深夜等不同時段之空間安全感知，並探討個人的生物性別、心理性別對安全感知是否有差異。本研究以某一大學校園為實證基地，並採用田野調查方式讓受測者到指定地點觀測，每個時段的有效樣本各為100份。研究結果顯示：（1）眺望、躲藏、逃脫等三種空間特質均會影響不同時段的安全感知，但在晚上和深夜（23:00以後）時段，照明是影響安全感知最重要的因子。（2）除了生物性別會影響安全感外，心理性別也會影響安全感，其中具兩性化、男性化特質者安全感較高，女性化者安全感最低。（3）空間因子對安全感的影響力大於個人因子。

關鍵字

校園安全；犯罪恐懼感；實質環境；照明；心理性別

並列摘要

According to the argument of environmental criminology, although the spatial pattern does not directly lead to crime, it has the characteristics of inducing and disguising the criminal behavior. People are able to inspect the environment and detect the dangerous clues. The fear of crime is a sensitive reaction to the dangerous environment. Therefore, this study will explore people's perception of spatial security in different time periods such as daytime, nighttime and midnight in the aspects of prospect, refuge, escape and illumination, and explore whether the biological sex and psychological gender can bring about any variation in individual's safety perception. This study takes a university campus as a demonstration base and adopts field survey to make the observers observe the designated place. There are 100 valid samples for each period. The results show: (1) The 3 spatial characteristics of prospect, refuge, and escape all influence safety perception in different time periods, whereas illumination is the most important factor affecting the sense of security in the evening and at midnight (after 23:00). (2) Not only the physiological gender but also psychological gender will affect the sense of security. Those with bisexual and masculine traits have higher sense of security, and feminine persons have the lowest sense of security. (3) The influence of spatial factor on security is greater than individual factor.