新學遺響─定位晚年熊十力的經學評論

哲人熊十力晚年著有觀點激進的儒學專書，弘揚儒經固有義理、回應時代需求。其中側重《周官》的經學評論不僅是他立論樞紐之一，也富含上通清季學風的諸多線索。此文首先指出研究熊十力經學及其語境的文獻基礎，以及思想史意義。其次，分析熊十力之論學、交游和對話預設，探索其經學評論和清季經學之關聯。復次，此文研究相關論述對康有為等近代學者思想的消化、批判，及因之而來的對古代儒者的激烈重估，揭出熊十力批判前人、重構傳統以辯護儒家在共和時代之價值旨趣。最後，此文分析熊十力儕輩、晚輩的同道學人對《周官》和晚年儒學的尖銳異見，尤以梁漱溟之論為重，試探熊十力孤掌難鳴的經學、儒學思想所反映的，儒學在近現代思想界的變化軌迹。

關鍵字

熊十力；清季經學；現代新儒學；《周官》；康有為

並列摘要

In his later years, the Confucian philosopher Xiong Shili wrote a series of works on Confucianism with radical views, promoting the inherent meaning of Confucianism, while also responding to the changing times. Among these works, Xiong's classics scholarship, especially on the Rites of Zhou, are key to understanding his radical views and helpful in understanding the New Confucian learning since the late Qing dynasty. This paper first examines the scholarship that informed Xiong's views, and the significance of considering this in clarifying Xiong's position in the history of Chinese thought. Secondly, this paper analyzes aspects of Xiong's intellectual background related to his theoretical views, friendships, and critical attitudes towards former Confucians. From this foundation, Xiong's discourses on the Rites of Zhou are seen in the late-Qing context. This paper then investigates ways in which Xiong both absorbed and criticized the Confucian scholarship of Kang Youwei and other modern scholars, as well as Xiong's radical re-evaluation of the overall Confucian tradition. This reevaluation indicates Xiong's intent to transcend Confucian discourses of the late Qing and to reconstruct tradition in defense of Confucianism's relevance in a republican era. Finally, with a special focus on Liang Shuming's writings, this paper studies the sharp dissent of Xiong's peers and the younger generation to his views. Placed in a broader context, Xiong's classics scholarship and these contending opinions point to the self-adjustment of Confucianism in China's modernization.