- 期刊
相對收入剝奪與人類繁盛指標之關係：主觀相對剝奪感的中介作用
Relative Income Deprivation and Human Flourishing: The Mediating Role of Subjective Deprivation
摘要
在全球經濟不平等日益加劇的脈絡下，收入不平等所引起的相對收入剝奪已被指出是影響健康的重要因素。現有文獻多以收入資料來計算Yitzhaki指數作為相對剝奪感的客觀指標，並指出其與死亡風險、憂鬱症狀和自殺風險密切關聯。然而，探討相對剝奪與生活滿意度、生活意義、社會關係等人類繁盛指標之關係的研究相當有限。因此，本研究旨在探討相對剝奪與人類繁盛的關係，並檢視主觀剝奪感的中介作用。本研究資料來自中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心調查研究專題中心於2020年7月執行之「幸福溫度計」網路調查，共分析1,576位樣本。客觀的相對收入剝奪指標採用以個人月收入所計算之Yitzhaki指數，主觀剝奪感包括個人對生活水準公平性之評估，以及與他人生活水準的比較，人類繁盛指標則包含健康狀態、幸福感、生活滿意度、家庭關係、社會關係和經濟滿意度六個面向。結果顯示，在控制社會人口學特質和絕對收入水準後，Yitzhaki指數與健康狀態、幸福感、生活滿意度、家庭關係、社會關係以及經濟滿意度皆呈現顯著的負向關係。此外，主觀相對剝奪感具有部分中介作用，特別是對於生活水準的公平性評估。本研究顯示，相對收入剝奪與人類繁盛具有負向關係，且個人對生活水準的公平性感受為重要的影響機制。
並列摘要
In the context of growing global economic inequality, relative income deprivation has been identified as an important social determinant of health. Most research uses the Yitzhaki index, calculated by income data, as an objective measure of relative deprivation, highlighting its association with mortality risk, depressive symptoms, and suicide risk. However, studies examining the relationship between relative deprivation and human flourishing measures, such as life satisfaction, life meaning, and social relationships, remain limited. This study aims to examine the association between relative income deprivation and human flourishing and to investigate the mediating role of subjective deprivation. Data were obtained from the "Happiness Thermometer" online survey, conducted in July 2020 in Taiwan by the Center for Survey Research at the Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, with a total sample of 1,576 participants. The Yitzhaki index, calculated based on individual monthly income, was used as the objective measure of relative deprivation. Subjective deprivation included individual evaluations of fairness in living standards and comparisons of living standards with others. Human flourishing measures included six domains: health status, happiness, life satisfaction, family relationships, social relationships, and economic satisfaction. The results showed that, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and absolute income levels, the Yitzhaki index exhibited significant negative associations with health status, happiness, life satisfaction, family relationships, social relationships, and economic satisfaction. Additionally, subjective deprivation partially mediated these relationships, particularly through perceptions of fairness in living standards. This study demonstrates a negative association between relative income deprivation and human flourishing and identifies perceived fairness in living standards as a critical mediating mechanism.