巴特的符號學與政策方案的解讀

巴特的符號學認爲，一個被符碼化的符號有語言層面與神話層面，此二者彼此相互交錯。符號在語言層面上意指某種客體或意義，此稱爲直接意指。符號在神話層面上則存有三種閱讀類型，其可對應於三種文化意義，分別是含蓄意指、迷思與象徵。政策方案也是被符碼化的符號，因此可引用三種閱讀類型來解讀之。換言之，一個政策方案有可能是政治部門（包括立法院與行政院）爲解決社會問題而提出的解決之道，但也有可能是政治部門爲追求私利的一種遮掩，此外也可能是利益交換的象徵。吾人因此不可單純地理解政策方案即是一套解決問題的方案。除此之外，政策方案在形成之後將具有專制性、系統性、自主性、網絡性與超越時空的生命性，因此其改革過程中存有多重的權變性。

關鍵字

符號學；直接意指；含蓄意指；迷思；象徴；政策方案

並列摘要

Roland Barthes' semiotics draws attention to the fact that an encoded sign has two interactive dimensions, which are language-dimension and myth-dimension. Language-dimension signifies an objective or a denotation. Myth-dimension can be read with three kinds of patterns, which correspond to three cultural meanings, namely connotation, myth, and symbol. Based on these viewpoints, this paper regards a policy program as a sign, and then takes advantage of the three cultural meanings to interpret the possible meanings of the policy program. Because a sign has three cultural meanings, we should not naively consider a policy program as a problem-solving tool. Moreover, a policy program has the characteristics of being autonomous and being social networks, which leads to a process of reform with multiple contingencies.