重奪「靈性政治」：傅柯與鄂蘭論革命

本文嘗試透過當代兩位重要思想家傅柯與鄂蘭對革命的論述，探究他們共同關切的一個理論問題：如何定位革命？傅柯與鄂蘭都意圖從革命中分離出某種或可稱之為「革命體驗」的東西，傅柯稱之為「靈性政治」，而鄂蘭則稱之為「革命精神」。對他們兩人來說，革命體驗所表述的抵抗，界定了革命，其無法化約成往後任何的革命成就，革命體驗與革命所成就者彼此之間，必然存在某種張力關係。革命體驗是一個無法透過往後的革命成就所窮盡的事件，而其中抵抗與集體性的生成互為表裡。傅柯與鄂蘭對革命的闡述，不只相當具有啟發性，而革命所想望的新政治與集體性潛能，乃是自既有關係網絡中所孕生，則是兩人彼此呼應的主張。

關鍵字

革命；傅柯；鄂蘭；抵抗；靈性政治；革命精神

並列摘要

This essay focuses on issues of revolution in the writings of two contemporary political thinkers, Michel Foucault and Hannah Arendt, whose core concerns are the redefinition of revolution. They both attempted to separate something which may be called the ＂experience of revolution＂ from the revolution itself; Foucault named it ＂political spirituality＂ and Arendt named it ＂revolutionary spirit＂. For them, there will always be tension between the experience of revolution and the resulting institutions, since resistance is the experience of revolution, and cannot merely be a conceived phenomenon of a transition phase or reduced to any resulting institutions. The most heuristic point lies in their interpretation of revolution: the resistance is always accompanied by the conception of collectivity. This essay also argues that, for Foucault and Arendt, the potentiality of another politics and of collectivity envisaged in a revolution would breed from their existing relations.