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秀姑巒溪流域生態調查暨雁鴨為害水稻防治技術研究
The Investigation of Ecology on the Hsiukuluan River and Prevention Studies on the Damage of Rice from Wild Ducks
摘要
為探明秀姑巒溪溪流生態與渡冬候鳥∼雁鴨族群、種類分布、棲息習性與為害水稻之相互關係，80年7月至81年6月於花蓮縣玉里鎮、富里鄉進行調查與田間為害驅趕試驗。秀姑巒溪、花蓮溪渡冬棲息的雁鴨種類有小水鴨（Anas crecca）（79.0%）、花嘴鴨（Anas poecilorhoncha）（19.6%）、尖尾鴨（Anas acute）（0.6%）、琵嘴鴨（Anas clypeata）（0.4%）、綠頭鴨（Anas platyrhynchos）（0.4%）等5種，於九月份起棲息渡冬，一、二月份達最高峰，三月份以後族群量逐漸減少，但五、六月以後仍有小水鴨、花嘴鴨等種類的留鳥棲息並營巢繁殖。雁鴨喜棲息於溪流沙洲有芒草或低矮植物及鄰近緩流淺灘、有豐富水草、水生生物食物源，或溪畔沼澤地，以溪流中之水生動植物為主要食物，近年來則有覓食稻榖或水產養殖池的魚、蝦、蜆的現象。溪流沿岸的稻田，於第一、二期插秧後或近成熟期，附近棲息的雁鴨族群，在夜間群飛至水稻田覓食榖粒，造成水稻缺株及減產。促使雁鴨改變覓食對象，為害稻田的原因，初步探討係渡冬棲息地被人為佔據、開發、墾植、活動空間日益縮減；以及溪流中生物受毒害而其食物日益枯竭所致。驅趕方法試驗結果，以防鳥彩帶、音爆驅鳥器，閃光驅鳥器最具效果，可推薦農民應用。
並列摘要
Five species of migrant bird-wild ducks, namely Anas crecca (79.0%), Anas poecilorhoncha (19.6%), Anas acute (0.6%), Anas clypeata (0.4%) and Anas platyrhynchos (0.4%) were found in Hsiukuluan and Haulien river. The wild ducks were found from September and the population reached highest during next February and March, then decreased gradually monthly. Some Anas crecca and Anas poecilorhoncha stayed and reproduct till June. Wild ducks like to stay in river spits where are abundant of miscathus or lower plants, or near stream and shoal where have rich plankton and weed those may be their foods In recent years, the wild ducks begin to attack rice crop and aquacultural fish, shrimp and clam. Just the first and second rice crop sown, the wild ducks invaded paddy field at night and dawn. The rice seeds were eaten, and seedlings were torn up by the roots. The residence occupied and food sources destroyed by people considered to be the major reason for the change of feeding behavior of wild ducks. Six repelling methods that is repellent belt, evil eye, shell crackers, flash repelllent machine, repellent flag, ultrasonic repellent machine, were evaluated in the field. The repellent belt, shell crackers and flash repellent machine had the best repelling effect on wild ducks, and will be recommended to drive the wild ducks away from the paddy field.