密閉式禽舍模組化環控系統之研究

傳統水禽飼養都為開放式生產系統，極易接觸到感染禽流感的候鳥而造成禽隻大量死亡。然水禽生產者欲強化生物安全防護工作時，仍面臨到缺工、人員老齡化及成本增加等問題。因此有必要設計自動化控制系統。環境控制系統含控制單元及感測單元等，以可程式邏輯控制器整合人機介面與無線感測器模組，控制環控系統設備，給予水禽一個穩定的生長環境。針對水禽環境研發一套穩定度高、精準度高之無線感測器模組，本研究環境控制系統建置於宜蘭分所密閉式禽舍以進行實驗，該無線感測器模組測試與運作一年，確立其耐候能力，模組有效平均傳輸率達99.88％，能穩定地蒐集環境資訊，予以作為環境控制參照因子。以飼養者經驗與文獻探討控制環控系統設備，包括水簾系統、細霧系統及強制通風，探討三者之降溫系統性能。而環境控制系統模式，採用複合環境因子控制及細霧間歇式時間設定控制。結果顯示以水簾系統降溫效果最佳，當舍外溫度34.1°C，相對濕度62.0％，對照空氣濕線圖，乾濕球溫度差為6.3°C；舍內實際降溫度數為6.0°C。最後，因應禽舍之管理效益，所設計環境控制系統，可供遠端監控，並透過使用者介面即時查看環境資訊，降低人員進出所衍生之污染風險，達到更有系統之控制。

關鍵字

蛋鴨；環境控制系統；無線感測器；模組化

並列摘要

Traditionally, open-type poultry production systems were widely used in Taiwan. However, it might easily cause poultry to mass death due to infectious avian influenza carried by migratory birds. Poultry producers want to strengthen biosafety protection, but they are still facing problems such as labor shortage, aging workforce, and increased costs. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic control system for closed-type poultry houses. The developed environmental control system includes a control unit and a sensing unit. The system integrates the human machine interface (HMI) and the wireless sensor module with the programmable logic controller (PLC) to operate the environment control system. It gives the waterfowl a stable environment to grow. The wireless sensor module is optimized with its stability and precision in the observation of livestock environment. The environmental control system of this research was installed at a closed-type poultry house in Yilan. The wireless sensor module was tested and operated for one year to establish weather resistance. The module's effective average transmission rate reached 99.88%, which can stably collect environmental information. It is used as reference factors for environmental controls. According to the breeder experience and the literature review, the environmental control system is controlled under the fan-and-pad system, fogging system and forced ventilation system to study the performance of cooling systems. The environmental control system mode uses composite environmental factors control and intermittent time-set technique by fogging system control. The results of the fan-and-pad system showed that the cooling effect was the best. When the outdoor temperature was 34.1°C and the relative humidity was 62.0%, referring to Psychrometric Chart, the wet-bulb difference was 6.3°C and the actual indoor temperature was decreased by 6.0°C. Finally, in response to the management benefits of the poultry house, the designed environmental control system can be remotely monitored. Since the user interface instantly displays environment status, the risk of pollution caused by personnel can be much avoided which leads to a more precise and better systematic control.