本文從「分子化翻譯」的角度去探討近代中國西化論述中的「世界主義」論述建構與修辭運作,並指出,在特定歷史的情境中,「世界主義」的論述型構可以被視為一種跨界分子化翻譯的文化效應。本文分為三大部份。第一節將釐清「分子化翻譯」的概念提出,並討論文化世界主義的幾個弔詭,以及「慈善的世界主義」和「參與的世界主義」等不同的發言主體位置。第二節先提出文化翻譯空間裡的多重喻說,然後進入現代中國新文化論述的場域,檢視幾種具體的「世界主義」論述實踐,初步探問「世界」一名如何取得現代意含,並討論世界主義、進化主義、民族主義、個人主義之間的複雜關係。第三節檢視1935年關於中國本位與全盤西化的辯論內涵,探討「西化」與「世界主義」的論述運作中所涉及的二元對立與換置,包括符號的換喻,以及種種換置與換喻所涉及的細部動態。結論將指出,發言主體性的化成,尤其是現代脈絡下的「非西方」、主體的演化與開展,往往有賴於那些持續動態穿越二元對立的分子化翻譯運作與多重喻說,而非任何鉅觀甚至僵固的整體化認同。
This paper approaches the issue of ”cosmopolitanism” from a theoretical and historical perspective. In the first section, I propose a concept of ”molecular translation” to grasp the dynamic nature of cultural translation. Then I highlight the heterogeneous contexts of ”cosmopolitanism” and ”Shi-Jie” and thereby discuss two positionalities of enunciation labeled as ”cosmopolitanism of tolerance” and. ”cosmopolitanism of participation.” In the second section, I emphasize the metaphoricity of ”culture.” Then I enter into the Chinese context of ”Westernization” to examine several constructions of cosmopolitanism, focusing on the complicated relationships among cosmopolitanism, evolutionism, nationalism and individualism. The third part examines the westernization debate in 1935 to reveal the molecular dynamics and the metaphorical operation underlying the discursive displacement of molar dualisms. The conclusion points to the historically specific situation of a ”nonwestern” subjectivity of enunciation whose modern becoming and evolution can not be based on any grand identities, but has to rely on the dynamic molecular movement transversing the dualistic oppositions.