香港人的身份認同的演變：以2008年到2019年為例

The Tendency of Hong Kong People's identification: from 2008 to 2019

黎逸銘(Jeremiah Yat-Ming Lai)

《中國行政評論》 26卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 64-109

https://doi.org/10.6635/cpar.202009_26(3).0003

摘要

本研究旨在1.描述2008年至2019年香港人身份認同的演變，並指出香港的身份演變在過去11年的趨勢：2.透過對11年的香港身份認同的描述，並結合香港不同社會分層，如性別、年齡、教育程度、職業以及出生地作為自變項分析各階層對香港人的身份認同的影響力（依變項）。本研究引用Côté等人的社會結構文化互動塑造個人的身份意識，並利用香港民意研究所（前身為香港大學民意研究計劃）自2008年至2019年的電話訪問，共收集了超過15000個有效樣本並利用R Programming加以進行分析。研究結果發現，在2008年，香港的主流身份認同為「中國人」，但經過11年的演變，香港人的身份認同越趨認為自己是「香港人」，「中國人」及「香港人」出現了相互對立情況。同時，在社會分層的研究下，在各項社會階層對身份認同有顯著影響下，香港越年輕，教育程越高的學生對「香港人」的認同度越高，因此對香港是否存在「世代之爭」的討論增添一筆寶貴的分析。值得留意，以出生地為自變項的結果為在台灣出生並在香港生活的香港人，多以「中國人」為自居，這一個有趣現象更值未來學術界多加探索及討論。

關鍵字

香港 ； 身份認同 ； 民意調查 ； 世代之爭 ； R programming

並列摘要

This study is to 1) descript the tendency of Hong Kong identification among Hong Kong people from 2008 to 2019, and induct the change of identification process for the past 11 years; 2) With the induction of the description of 11-year Hong Kong identification, it can also help understand respective effects from different social facets, namely gender, age, education level, occupation and even place of birth on the trend of Hong Kong identity categories. Regarding the theoretical conceptualization of social structural culture interaction from Côté et al. and the access of over 15000 samples collected from telephone surveys conducted in Hong Kong, the findings indicate ＂Chinese＂ was the main identity category of Hong Kong in 2008, but after that, the rise of ＂Hongkonger＂ and the shift of identity have been occurred for the past 11 years. Also, considering the findings across different social facets with their significances, more and more highly educated youngsters reflected themselves as ＂Hongkonger＂, thus, it can precisely contribute to an answer to ＂the debate of generation＂ in Hong Kong. Worth mentioning, the significance of place of birth as independent variable revealed that Hong Kong people who were born in Taiwan but lived in Hong Kong are more likely to claim themselves as ＂Chinese＂, in which need to pay attention.

並列關鍵字

Hong Kong ； identification ； public opinions ； ＂the debate of generation＂ ； R programming

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