器官晶片技術之發展現況

The Current Development of Organ-on-a-chip Technology

黃念祖(Nien-Tsu Huang) ； 熊彥程(Yen-Cheng Hsiung) ； 王嘉珮(Chia-Pei Wang)

《科儀新知》 239期 (2024/06) Pp. 11-21

摘要

器官晶片是一種新穎的體外平台用於類器官的培養，主要架構由實驗室晶片所衍生，其中關鍵元件如微流道、微感測器、微致動器等，皆可使用微機電或是軟微影製程技術製作，因此可整合多種生化分析功能於單一微小化晶片。由於可微型化或是陣列式高通量製作，器官晶片可以處理微量的檢測體積並進行多工平行檢測，因此可大幅降低試劑成本及檢測時間。本文介紹器官晶片系統的主要組成元件，包含微流道晶片之結構、材料的選擇，微感測器晶片、流體控制系統等設計考量。此外亦介紹近年來器官晶片在學術界的代表性研究及商業化器官晶片的公司及產品。最後本文亦探討器官晶片目前的挑戰及未來的發展方向。

並列摘要

Organ-on-a-chip is a novel platform for ex vivo organoid cultivation. The design is based on the lab-on-a-chip concept, consisting of various components such as microfluidics, microsensors, and microactuators. The above components were fabricated by the standard micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) or soft lithography fabrication processes, enabling various biochemical analysis functions to be integrated into a single miniaturized chip. Due to its miniaturization and high-throughput cell incubation and sensing capability, organ-on-a-chip can handle small volumes of test samples and perform multiplex or multiparallel assay testing, significantly reducing reagent costs and testing time. In this article, we introduce the key components of organ-on-a-chip systems, including the geometry design and material selection of microfluidic chips, microsensors, and fluidic control systems. We also list several representative organ-on-a-chip systems in academic fields and commercialized organ-on-a-chip products in recent years. Finally, the challenges and future development directions of organ-on-a-chip are also discussed in this article.