- 期刊
鼻及鼻竇炎的定義與分類
Definitions and Classification of Rhinosinusitis
摘要
鼻及鼻竇炎意指鼻腔及鼻竇黏膜發炎。鼻及鼻竇炎診斷標準包括：病患主訴鼻塞、濃稠鼻涕、嗅覺異常、臉部脹痛感，並以鼻竇內視鏡或鼻竇電腦斷層等客觀證據確定之。依持續時間，鼻及鼻竇炎可分為急性、慢性及復發性。慢性鼻竇炎過去按有無合併鼻息肉做分類，近年將慢性鼻竇炎分為原發性與續發性，再各依其病生理機轉的內因型（endotype）概念來分類，例如是否為第二型發炎相關者，以此為基準做分類，在疾病研究及治療成效上，將更有意義。
關鍵字
chronic rhinosinusitis ； classification ； endotype ； type 2 inflammation（慢性鼻及鼻竇炎 ； 分類 ； 內因型分類 ； 第二型發炎反應）並列摘要
Rhinosinusitis is defined as inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Symptoms include nasal obstruction, purulent rhinorrhea, facial pressure, and reduction of smell. The diagnosis is established with presence of two of the above symptoms and positive findings on a sinoscopic examination or sinus CT scan. Rhinosinusitis can be divided into acute, recurrent acute, and chronic forms. Traditionally, chronic rhinosinusitis has been classified into chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Recently, chronic rhinosinusitis has been classified into primary and secondary. Then, the sub-classification, with the concept of ＂endotype＂, is made based on the pathogenesis. For example, the severity and risk of recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis is different in patients with or without type 2 inflammation. These classification methods are important in treatment and play an important role in research.