摘要
上頜竇（maxillary sinus）位於上頜骨（maxilla）中，是體積最大以及最早發育的副鼻竇。它可能產生各種各樣的疾病，例如感染／炎症、黏膜囊腫、上頜竇後鼻孔息肉（antrochoanal polyp）、黏液囊腫（mucoele）、良性腫瘤以及惡性腫瘤。隨著內視鏡手術器械和技術的發展，內視鏡手術廣泛應用於鼻竇各種疾病的診斷及治療。針對上頜竇疾病，最常採用的方法是藉由內視鏡經中鼻道上頜竇造口術（middle meatal antrostomy）來移除上頜竇內之病變，這個手術過程主要包括切除鈎狀突（uncinate process）以及擴大上頜竇自然開口，這樣的手術方式可以維持黏液自然引流路徑的完整，符合鼻竇正常的生理狀況。部分上頜竇疾病無法以上述方法處理時，或是特定上頜竇解剖位置難以從上述途徑觸及時，有許多替代性的內視鏡手術方法可以使用，常用的包括犬齒窩穿刺術／環鑽術（canine fossa puncture／trephine）、內視鏡內側上頜骨切除術（endoscopic medial maxillectomy）、內視鏡巨大上頜竇造口術（endoscopic mega-antrostomy）和內視鏡淚前隱窩路徑手術（endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach）。選擇何種內視鏡手術方式來處理上頜竇疾病，取決於病變種類、病變位置和侵犯程度、手術目的、臨床醫生的手術技術和經驗，以及可供使用的設備。鼻科醫師應熟悉各種上頜竇手術技巧，針對每一位病患量身訂做，找出最適合的手術方式。
並列摘要
The maxillary sinus is located within the body of the maxillary bone and is the largest of the paranasal sinuses and the first to develop. It may be affected by a wide variety of disorders, such as infection/inflammation, mucosal cysts, antrochoanal polyps, mucoceles, as well as benign and malignant tumors. Following technical advances and the availability of innovative endoscopic surgical instruments and techniques, endoscopic surgery is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Middle meatal antrostomy, which serves as the most common approach to the maxillary sinus involves resection of the uncinate process followed by widening of the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus. This technique can preserve the native mechanism of mucus drainage. Several alternative endoscopic approaches, including canine fossa puncture/trephine, endoscopic medial maxillectomy, endoscopic mega-antrostomy, and the endoscopic prelacrimal recess approach are useful to gain access to anatomically difficult areas or pathology in the maxillary sinus. The approach selected for endoscopic surgery of the maxillary sinus depends on the pathology, location and extent of the lesion, goal of the surgery, the surgeon's experience and expertise, and the availability of instruments/equipment for the procedure. Rhinologists should be familiar with the various techniques that can be used for maxillary sinus surgery and adopt a tailor-made strategy to select the optimal surgical approach in a particular case.