摘要
鼻部為上呼吸道的第一個關卡，接受各種不同過敏原及環境的刺激，可能產生發炎的症狀（鼻塞、噴嚏、鼻癢、流鼻水等）。依據鼻炎產生的機轉，可以粗分為過敏性及非過敏性鼻炎。過敏性鼻炎主要為第一型的過敏反應，在過敏原再暴露之後，引發後續的早期抗原反應（IgE交聯引起脫顆粒作用）及晚期抗原反應（發炎細胞聚集），產生的發炎介質可引發鼻炎的症狀。近年的研究顯示表皮細胞在過敏性鼻炎致病機轉中，扮演重要角色。其他非典型過敏反應機轉引起之鼻炎統稱非過敏性鼻炎，原因可能包括藥物、職業、賀爾蒙、溫度變化、食物及原發性等，常與自律神經失調與黏膜高反應性有關。了解致病機轉對於鼻炎診斷及後續病人的治療將有很大助益。
並列摘要
The nose is the first site of the upper respiratory tract to constantly come in contact with various allergens and environmental stimulants, resulting in inflammation. The symptoms of nasal inflammation include nasal obstruction, sneezing, itching, and rhinorrhea. Rhinitis can be classified as allergic rhinitis (AR) or non-allergic rhinitis (NAR). AR is a type I hypersensitivity reaction. After allergen re-exposure, an early- phase response (a degranulation reaction caused by immunoglobulin E cross-linking) and a late-phase response (inflammatory cell influx) may occur. These inflammatory mediators can cause rhinitis. Epithelial cells also play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR. Other types of rhinitis that are not typical AR can be categorized as NAR, which may be caused by senile changes, drugs, occupation, hormones, temperature, food, or idiopathic causes. These are frequently associated with autonomic dysregulation and mucosal hyperresponsiveness. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is beneficial for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of rhinitis.