劉師培之斠讎思想要義

劉師培(1884-1919)是儀徵劉氏學最後代表人物，其先祖劉文淇(1789-1854)、劉毓崧(1818-1867)、劉壽曾(1838-1882)三代以《春秋左傳》學留名青史，同列儒林。然溯劉氏學術所成，則是來自細膩的文獻斠讎工夫，此自劉文淇發其端，至師培仍承其緒而不墜。劉師培從兄弟的學術，多出於其父母劉貴曾夫婦親授，貴曾夫婦教導子弟，即從文字斠讎入手，故劉氏兄弟幼弱即能領略斠讎精義。劉師培的斠讎著作以《晏子春秋斠補》等二十四種為代表，其發表大約在光緒末年至术國八年逝世的十餘年間，可謂是其學術成熟期的作品。但其從事斠讎工作，卻在更早，宣統二年(1910)出版的《左盦集》中已收錄〈晏子春秋斠補自序〉等各篇序文，可見當時斠讎工作已有初步成果。據此推斷，劉師培斠讎工作自幼弱進行，終其一生而未中斷。本文歸納劉師培斠讎工作的原則，論述其斠讎思想的要旨及淵源，並辨明其觀點與鄭樵、章學誠的差異，彰顯其斠讎學的特色與價值。

關鍵字

劉師培；劉文淇；劉毓崧；劉貴曾；斠讎；文獻；先秦諸子

並列摘要

Liu Shipei (1884-1919) is the last representative scholar of the Liu Yizheng school. His ancestors, the three generations of Liu Wenqi (1789-1854), Liu Yusong (1818-1867) and Liu Shouzeng (1838-1882), were famous scholars in the study of 'Chunqiu Zuozhuan'(《春秋左傳》). However, the academic achievement of Liu Shipei was on the skillful proofreading of ancient documents, which began and prospered from the time of Liu Wenqi. The academic education of the Liu brothers was mainly conducted by his parents, the Liu couple who began their education by proofreading, thus the Liu brothers were able to obtain thorough understanding of the skill from young age. Liu's work on proofreading is represented by 24 books, which were published around a decade during the last years of Guangxu period to the year he died (1919). This span of time could be considered as his period of maturity. However his work on proofreading began long before that. Several articles published in 1910 shows that he had obtained certain initial achievements. Judging from this, Liu's work on proofreading had began at young age and continued throughout his lifetime. This article summarizes the principles of Liu's work on proofreading, discusses the origin and essential points of his thoughts. It also points out the difference of Liu's viewpoints from that of Zheng Qiao and Zhang Xuecheng and shows the characteristics and value of his work.