不可説的在言噤聲：藍騰的反色情論證

Unspeakable Illocutionary Silencing-Langton's Free Speech Argument Against Pornography

鄭光明(Kuang-ming Cheng)

《歐美研究》 39卷1期 (2009/03) Pp. 169-224

摘要

色情刊物會使得婦女遭到「噤聲」的命運，因而侵害了婦女的言論自由嗎？對此，女性主義者麥肯能的回答是肯定的，而許多自由主義者的回答則是否定的，甚至認為這個主張非常荒謬。為此，藍騰特別援引英國語言哲學家奧斯丁的說話做行論，並主張：色情刊物之所以侵害了婦女的言論自由，其原因在於色情刊物使得婦女「不能拿話做事」，而這等於使得婦女的言論不能出現在言論自由市場中。本文將主張：藍騰的主張會課以說話者和聽者太多義務；為此，我們必須主張一種對聽者不要求任何「最低限度接收度」的言論自由觀，以避免上述問題。

關鍵字

色情權利 ； 說話做行論 ； 麥肯能 ； 藍騰 ； 不可說的在言噤聲

並列摘要

Famous anti-pornography feminists, Catharine MacKinnon and Rae Langton believe that pornography harms women in a very special and serious way: by silencing them or violating their civil right to freedom of speech. Langton believes that an analysis of the concept of speech acts shows that pornography silences women's voices. Therefore, pornography destroys political liberty and should not be allowed. Pornography may thus make potential speech acts unspeakable for women, not by preventing them from producing or distributing sounds and scrawls, but by preventing women from doing things with their words. In what follows, I will argue that Langton's view would impose a burdensome range of duties on individuals. This suggests that there are some powerful liberal reasons for thinking that the right to free speech should not include any minimal receptiveness requirement on the part of audiences.

並列關鍵字

a right to pornography ； speech-act theory ； Catharine MacKinnon ； Rae Langton ； unspeakable illocutionary silencing

參考文獻

鄭光明(2008)。麥肯能與藍騰的平等論證。歐美研究。38(1)，103-160。

Cheng, K.-m.(2008).MacKinnon and Langton's egalitarian argument.EurAmerica.38(1),103-160.

Austin, J. L.(1962).How to do things with words.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.

Berlin, I.(1969).Four essays on liberty.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.

Davidson, D.(1984).Inquiries into truth and interpretation.Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press.