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眼睛屈光及其因素之研究
Studies on Ocular Refraction and Its Components
摘要
測定高雄醫學院學生357人713眼之眼屈光狀態及其組成。年齡由21歲至35歲，其中男性293人，女性64人，經點眼1% Mydriacyl使睫狀肌麻痺後做驗光，以角膜弧儀測量角膜弧度，用超音波測量儀測定角膜前表面至水晶體前凸面之距離，水晶體厚度及全眼軸長度。結果713眼之中遠視眼22眼佔3.1%，正視眼61眼佔8.5%，近視眼630眼佔88.4%。眼屈光分佈由+5.50D至-12.50D，平均為-3.87±2.82D。角膜屈光度的分佈由38.90D至50.40D，平均為44.12±1.47D。水晶體厚度的範圍由2.90mm至4.41mm，平均為3.53±0.22mm。眼軸長度的分佈由20.99mm至29.79mm，平均為25.56±1.42mm。角膜屈光度、水晶體厚度及眼軸長度三者，與眼睛屈光度之間呈現直線相關關係。角膜屈光度隨著近視度數的增加而逐漸較強；水晶體厚度則隨著近視度數的加深而較薄；眼軸的長度則跟著近視的進行而變長。
關鍵字
無資料並列摘要
A study of the refractive components of the eyes was performed among the students of kaohsiung Medical College. 357 (713 eyes) of junior and senior clerks, and interns of school of medicine and of 4th grade nursing students were subjected to the study. The examination of the eyes included mydriacyl refraction, keratometry for corneal refractive power, ultrasonic measurement of the refractive components and color photography of the fundus. The results revealed 22 eyes (3.1%) hyperopic, 61 eyes (8.5%) emmetropic and 630 eyes (88.4%) myopic. The distribution of ocular refraction shifted to myopic side with the peak at -4.5 D ranging from +5.50 D to -12.50 D. The pathologic myopia and physiologic myopia seemed to fuse together with loss of boundary. The axial length was 23.21±0.92mm in 22 hyperopic eyes, 23.84±0.63mm in 61 emmetropic eyes and 25.81±1.29mm in 630 myopic eyes. The corneal refraction power was 43.41±1.60 D in 22 hyperopic eyes, 43.92±1.23 D in 61 emmetropic eyes and 44.17±1.48 D in 630 myopic eyes. The lens thickness was 3.71±0.24 mm in 22 hyperopic eyes, 3.58±0.21mm in 61 emmetropic eyes and 3.52±0.22 mm in 630 myopic eyes. A negative lineal correlation was found between the ocular refraction and the corneal refraction power, i.e. Y=43.8584+(-0.0687)×X, R=-0.1319, P＜0.01. A positive lineal correlation was found between the ocular refraction and the lens thickness, i.e. Y=3.581+0.0127×X, R=0.1608, P＜0.01. A high significant negative correlation was found between the ocular refraction and the axial length. i.e. Y=23.9653+(-0.4136)×X, R=-0.8195, P＜0.01. Among this study samples the prevalence of myopia was unusually high and the axial length showed significant correlation of elongation to the total refraction power of the eye. It is postulated that axial length of the eye continues to elongate even after age 14 years among myopes as long as the refracting power increases.