- 期刊
積層製造技術用於結構組件之可行性：無水泥3D列印技術為案例
Feasibility of additive manufacturing technology for structural components: the case study of 3D printing using cementless binders
摘要
3D列印營建用結構構件或元件，屬近年來炙手可熱的營建自動化技術發展，3D列印技術不僅具備快速施工、節省建築材料、品質穩定等優勢，列印噴凝材料的多樣化亦是其發展重點。本研究選用三種工業副產品（燃煤飛灰、超微細飛灰與水淬高爐石粉），在免添加鹼激發藥劑的前提下，混合製成三元型無水泥膠凝材料，利用三種膠結材料之性質與調整的水膠比，藉由黏滯度試驗、凝結時間試驗、針筒模擬噴凝試驗、流度試驗彙整之試驗結果，挑選出最佳的混合比例進行3D列印機試體製作與抗壓強度驗證。試驗結果發現：選用黏滯度超過6000cP以上的膠結材料，混合出具備黏稠性的黏彈性固體漿體，將可用於液體沉積成型3D列印機之噴凝材料。試驗結果驗證在水膠比0.25的條件下，膠結材料使用10%爐石粉、40%超微細飛灰與50%飛灰製成之三元型無水泥膠凝材料，可作為3D列印噴凝材料，列印機的噴凝流量應設定為40%，其噴凝出的試體有最佳的外觀完整性。利用抗壓強度試驗可以驗證3D列印的試體較傳統灌模之試體，有較高的抗壓強度與灌製品質，結果驗證本研究開發之無水泥型膠凝材料適合做為3D列印噴凝材料，並符合工業副產品高值化技術之推廣。
並列摘要
In recent years, 3D printing of structural components or elements for construction has been a popular construction automation technology. 3D printing technology has the advantages of fast construction, saving construction materials and stable quality, and the diversity of printing spraying materials is the key to its development. In this study, three industrial by-products (fly ash, ultra-fine fly ash and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag) were mixed to form a ternary cementless blended material without the addition of alkaline activators. The test results were compiled through viscosity tests, setting time tests, syringe injection tests and flowability tests. The results revealed that a viscoelastic solid paste with a viscosity of over 6000 cP could be used as a spraying material for liquid deposition modeling 3D printers. The results confirmed that a ternary cementless blended material made from 10% slag, 40% ultra-fine fly ash and 50% fly ash, at a water to binder ratio of 0.25, could be used as a spraying material for 3D printing and that the spraying flow rate of the printer should be set at 40% to achieve the best aesthetic integrity of the sprayed specimens. The compressive strength tests were conducted to verify that the 3D printed specimens have higher compressive strength and casting quality than the conventional molded specimens. The cementless blended material developed in this study is suitable for use as a 3D printing spraying material and is in line with the promotion of high-value industrial by-product technology.