從語言到生活：維根斯坦構成理論的發展與轉化

From Language to Life: Wittgenstein's Theory of Constitution and Its Transformation

錢永祥(Sechin Y. S. Chien)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 12期 (1992/05) Pp. 117-140

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199205.0005

摘要

本文嘗試根據康德所界定的對象之構成問題，整理維根斯坦前後期思想所提出的兩套構成理論。文中指出，前期理論所設定的獨我論先然主體，在後期理論中如何被社會性的主體所取代。維根斯坦提出了“生活形式”之概念，作為這種社會性主體相互了解的基礎。文曲進一步發展這個概念，強調生活形式乃是人的生命活動的基本模式。到了這一步，康德式傳統討論構成問題的唯心論傾向，顯然已經開始向一種以實踐為參考點的唯物主義轉化。

關鍵字

維根斯坦 ； 構成 ； 文曲

並列摘要

In this article Wittgenstein's philosophy is given a Kantian reading by elaborating the early and late phases of his development as two distinct theories of the constitution of objects. It is shown that whereas the early theory presupposes a solipsistic transcendental subject, in the later theory this is replaced by people sharing specific common practices. Wittgenstein suggested ”forms of life” to account for the possibility of understanding within each practice. But it was Peter Winch who developed this notion further, claiming that they represent modes of human life from which human activities derive their ”point”. With the concept of life emerging on the horizon, the problem of constitution as conceived by Kant could shed its traditional idealist shackle and be pursued from a more materialist premise instead.

並列關鍵字

Wittgenstein ； constitution ； Winch