工運與民主－對遠化工會組織過程的反思

Labor Movement and Democracy: Reflections on Organizational Processes in Local Labor Campaigns

趙剛(Kang Chao)

《台灣社會研究季刊》 24期 (1996/11) Pp. 1-39

https://doi.org/10.29816/TARQSS.199611.0001

摘要

藉著對遠化工人在一九八○年代後半抗爭過程的分析，我發現主要行動基礎是長時期形成於工作場所的勞工非正式網絡，而非任何正式社會組織。但不同於Rothenthal and Schwartz的論點，個案中的非正式網絡很少展現直接民主，反而是藉傳統權威與習慣作為中介，發展出抗爭行動。我認為對於工會運動而言，某種正式組織合理性是必要，但是這個組織合理性必須成為民主的非正式網絡的工具。因此，如何民主化非正式網絡或團體，使它成為社會文化變遷主體，是本文提出的最重要實踐問題。

關鍵字

工運 ； 工會 ； 非正式社會網絡 ； 正式組織 ； 民主 ； 參與 ； 傳統

並列摘要

By analyzing the contending processes activated by the Far Eastern Chemical Fiber Union workers in the late 1980s, I find that the informal social networks established in labor processes, rather than formal social movement organization (SMO), were the primary movement agents. However, contrary to what Rothenthal and Schwartz argued to be the case, my study shows little evidence for the supposedly close relation between primary groups and direct democrary. The primary informal networks among the workers were instead intimately linked to traditional patriarchal authority and habitus. In conlusion, I argue that while some formal organizational rationality might be necessary for union movement to be effective in instrumentalist politics, it ought to be the tool employed by informal networks acting as democratic subjects. How these democratic informal networks could be established in the first place is the main question I posed herewith.

並列關鍵字

labor movement ； trade union ； informal social network ； formal organization ； democracy ； participation ； tradition