- 期刊
Au Overview of Ecological and Habitat Aspects in the Genus Fusarium with Special Emphasis on the Soil Borne Pathogenic Forms
摘要
鐮孢菌屬之真菌廣泛存在於世界各地，也極具多樣性，其棲境包括土壤、活體植物、植物殘體、植物產物、活或死亡之動物體，可以說無所不在。本文從土壤傳播病原鐮孢菌之角度來探討此類真菌之生態，並以Fusarium oxysporum及Fusarium solani爲例子做說明，涵蓋病原菌分化里及生理小種與寄主之關係、於土壤中存活之機制、與其它腐生菌間之競爭及抗生作用，以及其對值物之侵染過程，最後藉由了解此類真菌之生態，來選擇採取適常之防治方法。有關土壤傳播病原鐮孢茵之生態仍有許多待解決之問題，希望能以此文所提出之觀念，激發相關值物病理研究者做更深一步研究，並結合進代分子生物之技術，徹底釐清此類真菌於自然界之生態謎團。
並列摘要
The genus Fusarium is diverse, widespread and commonly found world-wide. This ubiquitous fungus exists in soils, gross s in and on living and dead plants and plant products, on living and dead animals; its conidia are water-borne, but in some instances may be air-borne and its chlamydospores are typically soil-borne. When a sexual stage exists, the ascospores are air-borne, some spores may be found at rather high altitudes. There are salt-water forms, living in the deep sea, souse in the shells of sea turtles, causing the shells to break up. Some forms have been isolated from within the corneas of diseased eyes of humans and animals, and cited as the cause of a serious problem leading to vision loss. Species of Fusarium vary greatly in growth rates, substrate and optimal climatic preferences, there are those found only in the tropics, while others are the causative agent of snow mold. They contain a wide range of pigments, ranging from light tans and yellows, carmine red, green, bright blue to blue-black, some that are water soluble (quinone-type compounds), others fat soluble (carotinoids) and some that are closely bound to spore walls. Four different kinds of spores are recognized in the genus- macro- and microconidia. chlamydospores and ascospores. Sclerotia of variable sizes can also occur in culture and are brown, some blue black and there even some white ones. Most Fusarium spp. grow well on typical laboratory media and are easy to culture.