- 期刊
台灣發生由Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae引起之薑黃葉枯病
Occurrence of Leaf Blight of Turmeric Caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae in Taiwan
摘要
民國95年夏天，於南投縣名間及草屯等地區栽培之薑植株上發現外圍黃化的不規則形褐斑問題，病徵通常從葉緣水孔開始發生，之後顔色漸加深，並沿著葉脈擴散，周圍伴隨著黃化，從葉背可見明顯水浸狀，嚴重時葉片枯萎，葉鞘也出現同樣的病徵。經柯霍氏法則確認分離自薑黃的病原爲細菌，且生理生化，Biolog，SPA選擇性培養基及脂肪酸分析等特性均與Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae相近，再以Aaaf3/Aaar2及Aaaf5/Aaar2二組引子對進行巢式PCR (Nested-PCR)鑑定，確認該細菌爲A. avenae subsp. avenae，其所引起之病徵定名爲薑黃葉枯病(bacterial leaf blight of turmeric)。以市售11種藥劑測試在一般使用濃度下對該病菌生長之抑制效果，所有供試藥劑均能抑制病原菌之生長，其中又以四環黴之藥劑效果最佳，其效果依序爲四環黴素、歐索林酸、嘉賜黴素、鏈四環黴素、嘉賜銅、多保鏈黴素、鏈黴素、氫氧化銅、鹼性氯氧化銅、三元硫酸銅及鋅錳滅達樂。
並列摘要
Irregular browning lesions were seen at the leaf margins of turmeric plants cultivated in Minjeng and Tstun of NanTou county in the summer of 2006 in Taiwan. Water-soaked lesions first appeared at leaf hydathodes; as the disease progressed, necrotic lesions surrounded by a yellowish halo spread along the veins and eventually led to blighted plants. The same symptoms were also found on leaf sheath and finally the plant wilted. A gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium was constantly isolated from the diseased tissues and identified as Acidovorax avenae subsp, avenae based on its physiological and biochemical characteristics, the Biolog GN MicroPlate Identification System, fatty acid analysis, and pathogenicity tests. The isolated bacteria were further confirmed by nested-PCR with Aaaf3/Aaar2 and Aaaf5/Aaar2 primers. According to the symptoms on the turmeric plants, the disease was designed as a baitenal leaf blight of turmeric. In vitro screening for the efficacy of various agrochemicals to inhibit the growth of A. avenae subsp. avenae on nutrient agar (NA) showed that all tested chemicals, including copper bacteriocides, antibiotics, oxolinic acid, and carbamates, were effective, and antibiotic tetracycline was the most effective.