- 期刊
土壤溫度對三種根瘤線蟲Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica及M. hapla侵入與發育之影響
The Effect of Soil Temperature on the Penetration and Development of Three Root-Knot Nematodes, Meloidogyne Incognita, M. javanica and M. hapla.
摘要
本研究目的為探討不同生長溫度對於Meloidogyne incognita、M. javanica及M. hapla三種根瘤線蟲的侵入、生長及繁殖能力是否有影響。本試驗分為A與B兩部分：A試驗以不同土溫處理讓三種根瘤線蟲進行侵入與生長；B試驗則於接種線蟲15天後再以土溫處理。土溫處理為10∼40℃共4個溫度。實驗結果顯示30℃處理下M. incognita、M. javanica的根瘤指數及卵孵化率最高，M. hapla則是在20℃土溫處理下根瘤指數最高，但30℃處理中卵孵化率最高，顯示分佈於低溫地區的M. hapla仍可以適應較溫暖的氣候。M. javanica是唯一無法在10℃土溫下進行侵染的種，而由根系染色結果發現M. incognita、M. hapla雖可以侵入寄主，但在10℃土溫中無法發育。三種根瘤線蟲在40℃處理之下則都可以進行侵染，但無法在第45天時發育為成蟲。在各種土溫處理下，三種線蟲的B試驗根瘤指數皆大於A試驗，顯示線蟲侵入根系內後受根系保護，土溫對其影響力下降。當植物寄生性線蟲受到寄主植物體保護時，線蟲可躲避逆境存活下來，由卵孵化率的試驗結果推測，存活後的線蟲可能已發展出適應該逆境的特性。
並列摘要
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of four soil temperature treatments on three different root-knot nematode species. The experiment was divided into two parts. Experiment A had constant soil temperature treatments. In experiment B, the temperature treatments started at 15 days after inoculation of the nematodes and lasted for 30 days. The temperature treatments in both parts of the experiment were 10, 20, 30, and 40℃. The results showed that M. incognita and M. javanica had the highest galling index under 30℃ treatment while M. hapla had the highest galling index at 20℃. However, all three species had the highest egg hatching rates under 30℃ treatment. Though M. hapla generally distributed at the temperate zone, our results indicated that it might have the potential to adapt to the warmer climate. Among the three species, M. javanica was the only one could not penetrate host at 10℃ treatment. The root staining results showed that M. incognita and M. hapla, though able to penetrate, could not develop at 10℃. All three species could penetrate hosts at 40℃ treatments, but failed to develop into mature females at day 45. The galling index of experiment B all had greater value than that of experiment A under the same temperature treatment, indicating nematodes inside the root were protected from the extreme soil temperature treatment. When the nematodes were sheltered in the host from the adverse environment, they had the potential to survive and develop tolerance traits in the next generation.