- 期刊
土壤添加物防治萵苣萎凋病
Control of lettuce Fusarium wilt with soil amendments.
摘要
萵苣鐮孢菌萎凋病是由Fusarium oxysporum （Schl.） f. sp. lactucae Matuo & Motohashi 所引起。病原菌侵入植株後，會造成萵苣根莖的維管束褐化，隨後植株出現矮化、萎凋與死亡等病徵；嚴重時田間萵苣出現局部缺株的現象。本研究主要目的在於評估土壤添加物防治萵苣萎凋病的可行性，首先篩選具有促進萵苣生長功效與抑制萎凋病菌存活的土壤添加物，結果發現土壤分別添加0.5%（w/w）蝦蟹殼粉、魚粉、蓖麻粕、羽扇豆粉及芝麻粕等7 天後，隨即播種萵苣種子，它們均可顯著促進萵苣植株的生長。在病菌土中，逐一處理16 種不同添加物，結果顯示0.5%（w/w）牛血粉、魚粉、蓖麻粕及花生粕等都可以抑制本病原菌厚膜孢子發芽與菌體的存活。在溫室與田間試驗中，於病菌土中分別添加CBF–05、CBF–07、CBF–08 及MLT 等有機混合物，結果發現這四種添加物均具有防治萵苣萎凋病的功效。
並列摘要
Lettuce wilt disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, resulting in stunting, wilting, and death of plants in the fields. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of soil amendments on controlling lettuce Fusarium wilt. The studies revealed that soil amended with organic materials significantly enhanced plant growth and influenced the survival of the pathogen. Soils were amended with 0.5% (w/w) of shrimp and crab shell powder, fish meal, castor bean pomace, lupine seed meal, or sesame pomace and lettuce seeds were sown 7 days after treatment. Lettuce plants grown in soil amended with organic materials had greater fresh weight and plant height than those grown in untreated soils. Of 16 organic amendments tested, blood meal, fish meal, castor bean pomace, or peanut pomace applied at 0.5% (w/w) significantly suppressed chlamydospore germination and reduced pathogen viability in soils. Commercially available products, CBF-05, CBF-07, CBF-08, and MLT consisted of spent forest mushroom compost, fish meal, shrimp and crab shell powder, castor bean pomace and microbial antagonists, (such as Streptomyces padanus PMS-106 and S. saraceticus) also were very effective in reducing the disease severity of lettuce (cv. round leaf ) Fusarium wilt in both greenhouse and field trials.