摘要
近來在經濟部礦務局積極輔導下，玉石業者開發出新品種的黑色蛇紋石玉－臺灣墨玉，因具有獨特的岩理有別於中國的「岫岩玉」及各地「岫玉」。本研究深入臺灣墨玉的礦區進行探勘調查與標本採集，並以拉曼光譜儀、X光粉末繞射儀及偏光顯微鏡進行檢測與觀察，以期進一步了解臺灣墨玉的礦物種類等各項性質。本研究發現，臺灣墨玉與閃玉就產在蛇紋岩和黑色片岩、綠色片岩的接觸帶中，常呈凸鏡體狀或薄層狀出現。透過偏光顯微鏡觀察，半透明的臺灣墨玉由顯晶質的葉片狀葉蛇紋石與纖維狀纖蛇紋石及微晶質者的葉蛇紋石組成；不透明的臺灣墨玉則由磁鐵礦組成。由於拉曼光譜對蛇紋石礦物有較好的鑑別能力，且對於類似臺灣墨玉如閃玉和輝玉等玉石，皆可透過本文中拉曼光譜特徵峰的比對流程進行比對。
並列摘要
Thanks to the active guidance and assistance from the MOEA (Ministry of Economic Affairs) Bureau of Mines, jade manufacturers in Taiwan have developed a new jade specie called ”Taiwan Black Jade” that is marked with a unique texture distinctive from those of Xiuyan jades from China and other regions. The research conducts field inspection and sample collection in black jade mining districts in Taiwan, using Raman spectrometer, X-ray powder diffraction, and polarizing microscope to perform examination and observation so as to obtain in-depth understanding of the mineral types and other features of Taiwan black jades.Results of the research indicate that Taiwan black jades and nephrites are mainly found in the contact zones of serpentinite, black schist, and green schist and often appear in the forms of convex lens or thin layers. Based on the observation by polarizing microscope, semi-transparent Taiwan black jades are composed of the phanerocrystalline antigorite, the fibrous chrysotile, and the microcrystalline antigorite. Non-transparent Taiwan black jades, on the other hand, are mainly composed of magnetite. Raman spectrometer emerges from our research to report better identification and authentication capabilities. In addition to Taiwan black jades, similar gemstones like nephrites and pyroxene jades can also be compared and verified by the characteristic peaks on the Raman spectroscopy as recorded by the research.