- 期刊
ALK & LASIK等兩種屈光手術對飛航安全之評估
ALK & LASIK Refractive Surgery on Flight Safety
摘要
ALK(Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty)是全自動層狀角膜弧度重塑術之簡稱，其手術目的是矯正中高度近視與這視（近視六百度至三千度，遠視六百五十度以內），其方法爲以特殊滑輪轉動儀器將角膜上皮削開，接著做計算削去矯正度數所需之組織，然後將切開之角膜上皮予以蓋回，整個手術即完成。而LASIK(Laser in Situ Keratomileusis)又稱雷射自體層狀角膜弧度重塑術，是結合ALK與PRK優點所發展出來屈光手術，其手術目的是矯正近視六百度以上之患者，其法爲以ALK將角膜上皮削開，中間削去角膜組織時，不以鋼刀，而以雷射取代之，如此可依電腦很精確削去角膜厚度，最後再將角膜上皮覆蓋即完成。 本文結果顯示，矯正高度近視上，二種效果皆不錯，但以LASIK爲佳，且LASIK可縮短ALK手術時間遍兔ALK手術時高眼壓狀態下產生併發症，如中心性視網膜動脈間塞或視網膜靜脈出血等顧慮，且LASIK以雷射切除角膜基質層組織較ALK以鋼刀切除，更能切出平滑角膜基質層，避免術後不規則散光產生。 ALK與LASIK爲眼科目前新的屈光手術方法，雖能有效地改善高度近視的屈光做態，但無法改變眼底高度近視的病變；且術後眩光與不規則性散光，可能影響飛航安全，值得進一步探討。
並列摘要
The short form of ALK is Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty, the purpose of this surgery is to correct middle and high nearsightedness and farsightedness (nearsighted of 600 to 3,000 degrees, farsighted within 650 degrees). Method of the surgery is to cut the upper cornea layer with special rotating wheel instrument, then the required tissue, according to the calculation of corrected degree, then the cut out cornea layer is covered back, this completes the operation. And LASIK also known as Laser in Situ Keratomileusis is the combination of the advantages of ALK with PRK leading to refractive operation. The purposes of this surgery is to rectify nearsightedness patients above 600 degrees. The method of surgery is as ALK, the upper cornea layer is cut off, when cutting the middle corneal tissue, laser is used instead of steel knife. The cornea thickness can be cut off very precisely by computer, lastly the corner layer is cover back, the process is completed. This essay finally shows that in correcting high nearsightedness, these two produce good results, but LASIK is better and can reduce the time for ALK operation and avoid developing complications under situation of high pressure of the eyes. As to the blood flow and other apprehensions of central retinal arterial occlution or retinal vein, and LASIK uses laser in cutting corneal stroma whereas ALK is by steel knife, so the cutting is more smooth, avoiding irregular astigmatism after surgery. ALK and LASTK are presently the newest methods of refractive operation in ophthalmology, although they can improve refractive situation of high nearsightedness, but cannot change high myopic fundus of pathological changes; glare and irregular astigmatism after surgery may affect flight safety, this is worthy to have further evaluations.