- 期刊
分子篩失效問題探討與解決案例研究
Case Studies of Petrochemical Adsorbent Problem Solving
摘要
在煉油與石化工廠精煉製程中應用多種吸附劑脫除各種微量雜質（水份、硫化物、氯化物、砷化物…等），確保觸媒活性和提高產品價值。中油公司許多生產工場發生了吸附劑相關問題，例如︰新換吸附劑功能失效、碎裂粉塵、觸媒中毒失活…等問題，造成精煉製程功能失效，輕則造成產品不合格、下游工廠觸媒中毒，嚴重時導致工廠必須停工問題。中油煉研所製程研究組吸附劑研究團隊，建立分子篩性能評估技術和資料庫，協助各廠處分子篩方面技術服務，包括︰分子篩性能評估、分子篩性能失效原因探討與解決、性能驗收技術、使用壽命評估、工場操作問題之解決…等技術，實際協助各廠處分子篩方面困難與問題案例如下：1. 新換分子篩功能失效：a. 空氣分離工場13X分子篩粉化和失效案：冷箱結霜、5噸分子篩化成粉塵，請原設計L公司、分子篩U公司和I公司專家，經數年來都無法解決。b. 二氧化碳處理工場3A 失效案：調用停工二輕舊分子篩，解決氣體分散度不均問題。c. 石化廠空氣中心新換吸附劑（13X 分子篩、活性氧化鋁）粉化和失效案：解決露點不合格、吸附劑粉化造成管線阻塞、壓縮機損壞、氣動閥損壞…等問題。d. 殘渣油汽化工場脫硫吸附劑失效案：無法脫除有機硫化物，增設脫除有機硫化物槽。2. 超過設計負荷量與使用壽命：重油轉化（RFCC）工場、媒組工場（觸媒再生氣體脫水吸附劑）、芳香烴工場（脫羰化物13X分子篩）。3. 異物進入造成吸附劑功能失效：應用分子篩性能評估技術解決氣體純化工場（甲醇進入）、異構化工場（硫化物進入）、重油轉化工場（水份進入）問題，以再生方法恢復吸附劑性能。4. 打破專利製程與吸附劑之壟斷，公開招標降低採購成本。5. 應用分子篩吸附劑規範訂定與驗收三程序︰採購規範訂定、技術審標（廠商樣品檢驗）、得標後交貨樣品之檢驗，協助各廠處處理新購吸附劑和觸媒檢驗不合格問題。6. 煉研所吸附劑團隊探討各廠處分子篩失效問題與解決案例，不僅獲各廠處極佳評價與回應，提供案例研究，讓煉油與石化工業界伙伴經驗分享、避免重蹈覆轍。
並列摘要
Refinery and petrochemical processes employ many kinds of adsorbents to get rid of various micro-impurities (ex. moisture content, sulphide, chloride and arsenide) to guarantee the catalyst activity and improve products value. There were many problems relevant to adsorbent, for example: newly changed adsorbent invalid, efflorescence and catalyst poisoned inactivation. It lowers the process efficiency, causes product unqualified, downsteam catalyst poisoned and even makes shut down problem when being serious. CPC RMRI adsorbent group set up ”molecule sieve performance evaluation teahniques”, including: the molecule sieve performance analysis techniques, the operation condition evaluation techniques, feedstock analyzing, regeneration condition, regeneration curve, analyze data and theory calculate, the operating function test, and so on. It assisted to solve the problems relevant to adsorbent as follows: First: Fresh adsorbent invalid problems: 1. Koahsiung Refinery Air Serperation Plant molecule sieve efflorescence and invalid case: Cooling box frosting, 5 tons molecule sieve efflorescence, That Linde, UOP, IFP, experts unable to solve over several years. 2. Using shutdown Second Naphtha Cracking abandoned molecule sieve to solve the gas disperse uneven problems. 3. Newly changed adsorbent invalid in the Air Centre of Lin Yuan (active oxide aluminium, 13X) Powder and losing efficiency case: Solving adsorbents powder problem that causes the pipeline is blocked, the compressor is damaged, and the pneumatic valve is damaged. 4. The Residue Gasfication Plant oxide zinc losing efficiency case: It is unable to get rid of the organic sulphide, to add a deorganic sulphide tank. Second: Design having no function to get rid of the impurity originally: 1. Chlorine hydrogen: (Second Naphtha Cracking Plantof Toa Yuan, Fourth Naphtha Cracking Plant of Lin Yuan) Cause downstream HPU adsorbent function invalid, downstream plant catalyst to be poisoned. 2. Arsenide: The customers of petrochemical industry complaining case ( Da Lin ROC, Tao Yuan RFCC Propylene) active decline of polymerization catalyst. Third: Exceed the capacity of designing: Da Lin Fifty, and Sixth Catalyst Reforming Plant (adsorbent of chlorine), Tao Yuan RFCC, Da Lin Sixth Catalyst Cracking Plant (adsorbent of dehydration of catalyst regeneration air), Lin Yuan Aromatic Plant (molecule sieve of decarbonyl, 13X). Fourth: Impurities cause the adsorbent to lose efficiency: Tao Yuan Isomerization Plant (MTBE), Kao Hsiung Gas Purification Plant (methanol, regeneration resume performance), Da Lin Isomerization Plant (sulphide, regeneration resumes performance), Tao Yuan RFCC Plant (moisture). Fifth: Purchase newly adsorbent not meet specification: Lin Yuan Fourth Naphtha Cracking 3A molecule sieve (exchange goods), Second Aromatic Reforming Plant 13X molecule sieve (reduce the price and accept), Third Naphtha Cracking Plant 3A molecule sieve (supply 1000 kilograms extra), Da Lin Catalytic Reforming Plant adsorbent of chlorine (reduce the price and accept). Breaking patent process and adsorbent monopolization with the competitive bidding reduces the purchase cost.