- 期刊
塑料回收趨勢、技術及案例探討
Study on Plastic Recycling Trends, Technologies and Cases
摘要
隨著環保意識抬頭、環境及生態問題日益受到重視，減塑的國際態勢已然形成。各種全球性會議對於2030年大幅度減少使用一次性塑膠達成共識，故主要經濟體依據各國環境及經濟條件擬定合適之具體政策方向。塑料回收循環再利用因具有綠色附加價值，促使更多廠商投入回收或替代技術的開發。化學回收技術以化學降解法及熱解法為主，其中化學降解法多用於單一材質塑料回收，能源需求較低；而熱解法可將塑膠回到原料階段，最能夠充分達成循環經濟的效益。技術成熟的化學回收技術眾多，供需平衡的商業模式是成功與否的關鍵，從國內外案例可知PET、聚脂纖維、廢輪胎等都能夠成功循環使用。替代材料則以生物可分解材料PLA、PBAT、PBS等為主，可成功替代吸管、餐具、農地膜等一次性塑料產品，透過堆肥或自然降解可讓塑料回歸土地，減少累積在環境中。從相關案例中可知，塑料回收需要成功的商業模式，尤其是石化業上下游整合，讓產品與原料之間的循環形成封閉迴路，需要業者持續突破技術限制，也需要政府規劃良好的推動政策與循環園區。
並列摘要
Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, which harming animal and possibly human health. International organizations and conference, such as UNEP, European Union, G20 were set a goal for greatly reduce production of disposable plastic before 2030. Major economies also proposed policy to regulate the use of plastic product which shall design to be recovered and reused. Petrochemical industry have to rapidly develop new technology for producing eco-friendly products which may bio-degradable or use recovered plastics as feedstock. The major chemical recycling technologies are chemical degradation and thermal decomposition methods. Chemical degradation mainly apply to single material plastic recovery, such as PET, with appropriate energy demand. Thermal decomposition method applying higher temperature to decompose polymer molecule to smaller molecules which can be used as feedstock to produce products. Specific product made by a chemical recycling technology for actual demand is the major consideration for deployment, since plenty of chemical recycling technologies are with high technical readiness. The cases exhibited that the eco-friendly products from recycling of PET, polyester and scrap tires were meet requirement to their customers. Biodegradable products made by PLA, PBAT, PBS, can be decomposed naturally or through composing process, replacing disposable straw, tableware, agricultural mulch, etc. In sum, the cases that plastic recycling requires a successful business model to forms a closed loop for circulation between products and raw material, and also need to raise appropriate policy to promote plastic circular economy.