- 期刊
COP27氣候峰會的成果與挑戰
Outcomes and Challenges of the COP27 Climate Summit
摘要
2022年11月6日至18日在埃及夏姆錫克舉行的第27屆聯合國氣候峰會（COP27），可說是一場多重危機結合的「完美風暴」！俄烏戰爭爆發，引發歐洲能源短缺、全球能源價格飆漲與通貨膨脹，加上極端氣候災變不斷，種種不確定因素增加了COP27召開的急迫性及重要性。氣候危機近在眼前，但也隱藏在眾目睽睽之下，若不填補數據空白，將無法弭平落差，因為無法衡量，就不可能有效管控。聯合國秘書長古特雷斯在COP27致詞，要求全球應加快化石燃料轉型，否則未來注定將面對氣候災難。本篇報告首先探討COP27峰會面對的關鍵挑戰，包括2022年全球碳排放量上升1％、10年內恐到達升溫攝氏1.5度限制、減碳成效毫無進展及能源危機又成絆腳石等。其次分析各界對COP27峰會的期許，包括締結「氣候團結盟約」、透過減緩、調適、損失與損害三大機制落實減碳承諾、經濟與低碳的平衡關係等。再綜整分析COP27會議的成果，包括建立資金係新興經濟體低碳轉型關鍵的共識、透過衛星與AI工具建構氣候追蹤網站能更準確追蹤碳排大戶的責任，以及COP27峰會閉幕通過「最終宣言」和「損失與損害」兩項協議的必要性等，而化石燃料之使用沒有被淘汰或削減應是本次峰會遭致批評之處。最後提出臺灣面對淨零轉型的因應做法，包括加強企業碳盤查、2030減碳目標要加嚴、年底完成氣候修法等，否則將遠落後於各大國減碳進度。政府決心2050淨零碳排實屬不易，但強化減碳已成全球共識，氣候變遷的速度也遠比各界預估快，臺灣應積極執行減碳承諾。
並列摘要
The 27th UN Climate Summit (COP27) to be held in Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt from November 6 to 18, 2022, can be said to be a ＂perfect storm＂ of multiple crises! The outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian war has triggered energy shortages in Europe, soaring global energy prices and inflation, coupled with constant extreme climate disasters, various uncertainties have increased the urgency and importance of COP27. The climate crisis is imminent, but it is also hidden in plain sight. Without filling in the data gaps, it will be impossible to bridge the gap, because it cannot be measured, and it is impossible to effectively control it. In his speech at COP27, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres demanded that the world should speed up the transition to fossil fuels, otherwise the future will be doomed to climate disaster. This report first discusses the key challenges facing the COP27 summit, including a 1% increase in global carbon emissions in 2022, the risk of reaching the 1.5°C limit within 10 years, the lack of progress in carbon reduction, and the energy crisis becoming a stumbling block. Secondly, it analyzes the expectations of all sectors of the COP27 summit, including the conclusion of the ＂Covenant of Climate Solidarity＂, the implementation of carbon reduction commitments through the three mechanisms of mitigation, adaptation, loss and damage, and the balance between economy and low carbon. A comprehensive analysis of the results of the COP27 meeting, including the establishment of a consensus that capital is the key to the low-carbon transition of emerging economies, the construction of a climate tracking website through satellite and AI tools to more accurately track the responsibilities of major carbon emitters, and the adoption of the ＂Final Declaration＂ at the conclusion of the COP27 summit ＂ and the need for two agreements on ＂loss and damage,＂ and the lack of phase-out or reduction in the use of fossil fuels should be the source of criticism at this summit. Finally, Taiwan's response to the net-zero transition is proposed, including strengthening corporate carbon inspections, tightening carbon reduction targets for 2030, and completing climate amendments by the end of the year. Otherwise, it will lag far behind the carbon reduction progress of major countries. It is not easy for the government to determine net zero carbon emissions by 2050, but it has become a global consensus to strengthen carbon reduction, and the speed of climate change is far faster than expected by all walks of life. Taiwan should actively implement its carbon reduction commitments.